Fostering Energy Efficiency Through Street Lighting System Improvement: A Case Study of City-Level in Indonesia
Abstract
Street lighting can be considered the main energy consumer and greenhouse gas emitter at Indonesia's city level. In addition, public street lighting systems throughout Indonesia still use inefficient technologies, resulting in a significant portion of a municipality’s operating expenditure. We conduct techno-economy analysis and formulate financing mechanisms to support energy efficiency improvements on street lighting systems. In doing so, a pilot case based on a survey in one of the provincial capitals in Kalimantan is performed. From the survey, it is found that around half of the street lighting systems in the observed city are unmetered, dominated by CFL (Compact Fluorescent Lamp) lamps. Efficiency through street lighting system improvement can be achieved through, among others, replacement with a highly efficient light-emitting diode (LED) lamp, power meters installation and the replacement of high-efficiency armatures. Our analysis shows that energy consumption reduction potential from street light system improvements can reach 69% from existing conditions. In the showcase, it can save 9,466,465 kWh, equal to energy costs of IDR 13,676,202,724 and a 7,667-ton emission reduction. From the analysis, we also delivered a financial scheme for the project that incorporated local government and special mission vehicles under the coordination of the Ministry of Finance. Having great potential, a financing support mechanism can become a reference to another local government with a limited budget constraint. These findings can also provide policymakers with important inputs while improving street lighting systems as a key service provided by local and municipal governments.
Downloads
References
Abdullah, A. G., Pambudi, R. L., Purnama, W., Nandiyanto, A. B. D., Triawan, F., & Aziz, M. (2019). Redesigning street-lighting system using led and hps luminaires for better energy-saving application. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 14(4), 2140–2151.
Asian Development Bank. (2017). LED street lighting best practices: Lessons learned from the pilot LED municipal streetlight and PLN substation retrofit project (Pilot LED Project) in Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.22617/TIM168482
al Irsyad, M. I., & Nepal, R. (2016). A survey based approach to estimating the benefits of energy efficiency improvements in street lighting systems in Indonesia. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 58(May 2016), 1569–1577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.294
Adriansyah, A., Budiyanto, S., Andika, J., Romadlan, A., & Nurdine., N. (2020). Public street lighting control and monitoring system using the internet of things. AIP Conference Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0000594
Anggono, T., Nepal, R., Liu, Y., Irsyad, M. I. al, & Taghizadeh-Hesary, F. (2021). Financing of energy efficiency in public goods: The case of street lighting systems in Indonesia. In Energy efficiency financing and market-based instruments (pp. 243–261). Springer.
Beccali, M., Bonomolo, M., Ciulla, G., Galatioto, A., & Brano, V. lo. (2015). Improvement of energy efficiency and quality of street lighting in South Italy as an action of Sustainable Energy Action Plans. The case study of Comiso (RG). Energy, 92, 394–408.
Boyce, P. R. (2019). The benefits of light at night. Building and Environment, 151, 356–367.
Campisi, D., Gitto, S., & Morea, D. (2018). Economic feasibility of energy efficiency improvements in street lighting systems in Rome. Journal of Cleaner Production, 175, 190–198.
Herbert, D., & Davidson, N. (1994). Modifying the built environment: the impact of improved street lighting. Geoforum, 25(3), 339–350.
Jiang, Y., Li, S., Guan, B., & Zhao, G. (2015). Cost effectiveness of new roadway lighting systems. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition), 2(3), 158–166.
Halimatussadiah, A., Cesarina, A., Siregar, A. A., Hanum, C., Wisana, D., Rahardi, F., Bintara, H., Rezki, J., Husna, M., & Azar, M. S. (2020). Thinking ahead: Indonesia’s agenda on sustainable recovery from COVID-19 pandemic. Institute for Economic and Social Research Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia (LPEM FEB UI) and Ministry of National Development Planning/National Development Planning Agency (BAPPENAS).
Khan, N., & Abas, N. (2011). Comparative study of energy saving light sources. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15(1), 296–309.
Kurniawan, R., & Feinnudin, A. (2021). Assessing the implementation of the energy management system in the first ISO 50001 building in Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Energy, 4(2), 129–139.
Kurniawan, R., & Kurniawan, I. W. (2022). Developing innovative financing scheme for leveraging energy efficiency deployment in Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Energy, 5(1), 33–41.
Kurniawan, R., Trencher, G. P., Edianto, A. S., Setiawan, I. E., & Matsubae, K. (2020). Understanding the multi-faceted drivers of increasing coal consumption in Indonesia. Energies, 13(14), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13143660
Lawson, T., Rogerson, R., & Barnacle, M. (2018). A comparison between the cost effectiveness of CCTV and improved street lighting as a means of crime reduction. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 68, 17–25.
Lindawati, L., Nugraha, N., Mayasari, M., & Supriatna, N. (2019). Financial estimation on street lighting using LED technology. J. Eng. Sci. Technol, 14, 68–81.
PLN. (2021). Statistik PLN 2020.
Rahim, M. (2022). Penjajakan Kota ADLIGHT.
Rosita, T., Zaekhan, Estuningsih, R. D., & Widharosa, N. (2021). Does energy efficiency development in manufacturing industry decouple industrial growth from CO2 emissions in Indonesia? International Journal of Environmental Studies, 78(4), 573–587.
Sander, J. V. A., & Prathama, A. (2021). Public complaint handling services about public street lighting at the Dinas Kebersihan Ruang Terbuka Hijau Surabaya City. Jurnal Administrasi Publik, 19(1), 2615–7268. https://doi.org/10.30996/dia.v19i1.5146
Sudarmono, P., Deendarlianto, & Widyaparaga, A. (2018). Energy efficiency effect on the public street lighting by using LED light replacement and kwh-meter installation at DKI Jakarta Province, Indonesia. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1022(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1022/1/012021
Surahman, U., Hartono, D., Setyowati, E., & Jurizat, A. (2022). Investigation on household energy consumption of urban residential buildings in major cities of Indonesia during COVID-19 pandemic. Energy and Buildings, 111956.
Sutopo, W., Mardikaningsih, I. S., Zakaria, R., & Ali, A. (2020). A model to improve the implementation standards of street lighting based on solar energy: A case study. Energies, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/en13030630
The Jakarta Post. (2012, January 12). Poor street lighting draws complaints.
