Thermoelectric Generator: A Source of Renewable Energy
Abstract
With the natural sources of energy such as fossil fuels is slowly depleting, it became a trend to find new sources of unlimited energy. Renewable source of energy is the best source of unlimited energy for it will be utilizing the resources around like solar, hydro, wind, and many more. One of those newly developed renewable sources utilizes the waste heat developed by individual machines. Since electrical generating machines that use combustion engines generate a considerable amount of waste heat energy from the exhaust gases. Hence, this study focused on waste heat energy harvester by the use of the thermoelectric generator. Thermoelectric power generation is based on a phenomenon called the Seebeck effect. When a temperature difference is established between the hot and cold junctions of two dissimilar materials, a voltage is generated. The heat flow circulation through the semiconductors causes a displacement of charge carriers. A larger delta temperature creates a larger electrical current, ideally, but it is coupled with the fact that a semiconductor is effective only on a temperature range making the thermoelectric generators operational on a limited delta temperature. Primarily, the device was composed of a thermoelectric module mounted on an aluminum plate and placed in an oven. The main objective of the study is to design a circuitry for the thermoelectric generator that aimed to generate a minimum of 20 watts in order to power an AC load. In order to validate the device fabricated, certain measurements needed to be taken during the operation of the prototype. Thus, this device is now a developing source of alternative energy with further studies and innovations for commercial purposes.
*The paper has been selected from a collaboration with IPST and 7th ICFCHT 2019 for a conference entitled "Innovation in Polymer Science and Technology (IPST) 2019 in Conjunction with 7th International Conference on Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Technology (ICFCHT 2019) on October 16th - 19th at The Stones Hotel Legian, Bali, Indonesia"
Downloads
References
Ahıska, R., & Mamur, H. (2013). Design and implementation of a new portable thermoelectric generator for low geothermal temperatures. Retrieved from http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6648807
Anatychuk, L. (2004). On the discovery of thermoelectricity by Volta. Journal of Thermoelectricity, vol. 2, 5-11.
Apertet, Y., Ouerdane, H., Goupil, C., & Lecoeur, P. (October 2014). Influence of thermal environment on optimal working conditions of thermoelectric generators. Retrieved from http://www.researchgate.net/publication/265252436_Influence_of_thermal_enviro nment_on_optimal_working_conditions_of_thermoelectric_generators
Authority, M. D. (2015, April 30). Mindanao sees an uptrend in renewable energy projects. Retrieved from http://www.minda.gov.ph/news/137-mindanao-sees-an-uptrend-in-renewable-energy-projects
Balayo, V., Pamonag, J., & Ybanez, J. (2015). Development of Waste Heat Recovery System Using Thermoelectric Generator.
Benson, D., & Jayadev, T. (1980). Thermoelectric Energy Conversion, Economical ELectric Power from Low Grade Heat. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Thermoelectric Energy Conversion (pp. 27-56). New York, NY: IEEE.
Capel, E., Ibrahim, T., & Mohd Nor, N. (2013). Hybrid energy from exhaust system. Power Engineering and Optimization Conference (PEOCO), 2013 IEEE 7th International, IEEE.
Carlson, E., Strunz, K., & Otis, B. (2010). A 20 mV input boost converter with efficient digital control for thermoelectric energy harvesting. Retrieved from http://www.ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5437494
Council, W. E. (2013). World Energy Resources 2013 Survey. London: World Energy Council. Retrieved from https://www.worldenergy.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Complete_WER_2013_Survey.pdf
Czisch, G. (2006). Low cost but totally renewable electricity supply for a huge supply. Retrieved from https://transnational-renewables.org/Gregor_Czisch/projekte/LowCostEuropEISup_revised_ for_AKE_2006.pdf
Dewan, A., Ay, S., Karim, N., & Beyenal. (2014). Alternative Power Sources for Remote Sensors: A Review. Journal of Power Sources, Elsevier.
Elarusi, A., Illendula, N., & Fagehi, H. (2014). Performance Prediction of Commercial Thermoelectric Generator Modules using the Effective Material Properties. Retrieved from http://homepages.wmich.edu/~leehs/ME695/TEG%20using%20effective%20material%20properties.pdf
Elarusi, A., Illendula, N., & Faggehi, H. (2010). Performance Prediction of Commercial Thermoelectric Generator Modules using the Effective Material Properties.
Energy, D. o. (2008, December 16). Republict act no. 9513 - An Act Promoting the Development, Utilization and Commercialization of Renewable Energy Resources and for other Purposes. Retrieved from http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2008/12/16/republic-act-no-9513/
Energy, D. o. (2008). Waste Heat Recovery: Technology and Opportunities in U.S. Industry. United States. Retrieved from https://www1.eere.energy.gov/manufacturing/intensiveprocesses/pdfs/waste_heat_recovery.pdf
Feulner, P., Dr. Vlaskos, I., & Dr. Michos, C. (2014). Waste Heat Recovery in Marine Propulsion Systems. SNAME. Athens, Greece. Retrieved from https://higherlogicdownload.s3.amazonaws.com/SNAME/e10ad46f-35fe-4b7d-a4cf3da678bacc3f/
UploadedImages/SNAME-20%2002%202014_Waste_Heat_Recovery_in_Marine_Propulsion_
Systems-Final.pdf
G. Min, D. M. (2004). Thermoelectric figure-of-merit under large temperature differences. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, vol. 37, pp. 1301-1304.
Gould, C., Shammas, N., Grainger, S., & Taylor, I. (May 11-14, 2008). A comprehensive review of thermoelectric technology, micro-electrical and power generation properties. 26th International Conference on Microelectronics.
Gusev, V., Pustovalov, A., Rybkin, N., Anatychuk, L., Demchuk, B., & Ludchak, I. (2011). Milliwatt-power radioisotope thermoleectric generator (RTG) based on plutonium-238. Journal of Electronic Materials.
Henderson, J. (1979). Analysis of a Heat Exchanger- Thermoelectric Generator System. Proceedings of the 14th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference. Boston.
Hidden Curriculum. (2014, August). Retrieved from http://edglossary.org/hidden-curriculum
Hsu, C., Yao, D., Ye, K., & Yu, B. (2010). Renewable energy of waste heat recovery system for automobiles.
IEA. (2012). Renewable Energy: Coming of Age. The Journal of the International Energy Agency.
IPCC. (2011). Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation. Special Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
J. Chen, Z. Y. (1996). The influence of Thomson effect on the maximum power output and maximum effciency of a thermoelectric generator. Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 79, no. 11, p. 8823.
Jacobson, M. Z., & Delucchi, M. A. (2010). Providing all global energy with wind, water, and solar power, Part I: Technologies, energy resources, quantities and areas of infrastructure,and materials.
Jeevitha, S., Rajan, S. E., & Rakesh, T. (2009). Performance Analysis of High Gain DC–DC Boost Converter for Thermoelectric Power Generation System. India.
Kim, S., & al, e. (2011). Thermoelectric power generation system for future hybrid vehicles using hot exhaust gas. Journal of Electronic Materials.
Lazard, M. (2009). “Heat Transfer in Thermoelectricity: Modelling, Optimization and Design. 7th IASME/WSEAS International International Conference on Heat Transfer, Thermal Engineering, (pp. 129–134).
Lee, M., Joseph, R., Jet, T., & Qingyu, A. (2016). Design of Stand-alone Thermoelectric Power Generation System fo Marine Engine Exhaust System. IEEE.
Lemley, L. (1980). A Radiation Thermoelectric Power Converter. Proceedings of the Third Conference on Thermoelectric Energy Conversion (pp. 20-26). New York, NY: IEEE.
Li, G., Shrotriya, V., Huang, J., Yao, Y., Moriarty, T., Emery, K., & Yang, Y. (2005). High-efficiency Solution Processable Polymer Photovoltaic Cells by Self-organization of Polymer Blends. Nature Materials, 864-868.
Lorenz, R. (2003). Subsurface ambient thermoelectric power for moles and penetrators. IEEE Aerospace Conference. Big Sky, MT, Citeseer.
McEnaney, K., Kraemer, D., Chen, Z., & Ren, G. (2011). Modeling of concentrating solar theroelectric generators. Journal of Applied Physics.
Mueller, P. (2007). The Abundance of Fossil Fuels: Why We Will Not Run Out of Fossil Fuels. The Global Warming Policy Foundation.
Nolas, G., Sharp, J., & Goldsmid, H. (2001). Thermoelectrics. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer.
Nuwayhid, R., Shihadeh, A., & Ghaddar, N. (2005). Development and testing of a domestic woodstove thermoelectric generator with natural convection cooling.
Patil, D. & Arakerimath, R.R. (2013). A Review of Thermoelectric Generator for Waste Heat Recovery from Engine Exhaust. International Journal of Research in Aeronautical and Mechanical Engineering, 1-9.
Phillip, N., Maganga, O., Burnham, K., Dunn, J., Rouaud, C., Ellis, M., & Robinson, S. (2012). Modelling and Simulation of a Thermoelectric Generator for Waste Heat Energy Recovery in Low Carbon Vehicles. 2nd International Symposium on Environment Friendly Energies and Applications (EFEA).
Pimentel, D., Herz, M., Glickstein, M., Zimmerman, M., Allen, R., Becker, K., . . . Seidel, T. (December 2002). Renewable Energy: Current and Potential Issues. BioScience, 52.
Project, T. C. (2016, February 3). Follow the Leader: How 11 Countries are Shifting to Renewable Energy. Retrieved December 21, 2016, from https://www.climaterealityproject.org/blog/follow-leader-how-11-countries-are-shifting-renewable-energy
Qiu, K., & Hayden, A. (2008). Development of a Thermoelectric Self-powered Residential Heating System. Journal of Power Sources.
R. S. Muller, T. I. (2002). Device Electronics for Integrated Circuits. In Device Electronics for Integrated Circuits.
Rais, I., Orgerie, A., Lefevre, L., & Benoit, A. (2016). An Analysis of the Feasibility of Energy Harvesting with Thermoelectric Generators on Petascale and Exascale Systems. High Performance Computing and Simulation (HPCS), 2016 International Conference on.
Ravindra, S., Huesgen, T., Kroener, M., & Woias, P. (2011). A Self-sustaining Micro Thermomechanic-pyroelectric Generator. Applied Physics Letter.
Rinalde, G., Juanico, L., Taglialavore, E., Gortari, S., & Molina, M. (2010). Rinalde, G.F., Juanico, L.E., Taglialavore, E.Development of Thermoelectric Generators for Electrification of Isolated Rural Homes. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy.
Ritz, F., & Peterson, C. (2004). Multi-mission radioisotope thermoelectric generator (MMRTG) program overview. Aerospace Conference Proceedings IEEE.
Rivadulla, F., Murias, B., Capeáns, G., Lopez, P., Ferro, E., & Cabello, A. (2016). Design for Maximum Power Transfer Efficiency of Thermoelectric Generators using Mixed Mode Simulations. 17th International Conference on Thermal, Mechanical and Multi-Physics Simulation and Experiments in Microelectronics and Microsystems.
Rowe, D. (2006). Review thermoelectric waste heat recovery as a renewable energy source.
Schneider, S., Easterling, W., & Mearms, L. (2000). Adaptation: Sensitivity to natural variability, agent assumptions, and dynamic climatic changes.
Stanciu, V., Barsan, I., Hantila, F., Maricaru, M., & Stanculescu, M. (2013). Pulsed operation analysis of the thermoelectric generators used in space applications. Advanced Topics in Electrical Engineering (ATEE), 2013 8th International Symposium on, IEEE.
Stecanella, P., Faria, M., Domingues, E., Gomes, P., & Calixto, W. (2015). Electricity Generation Using Thermoelectric Generator - TEG. IEEE.
Stevens, J. (2000). Heat Transfer and Thermoelectric Dsign Considerations for a Ground-source Thermoelectric Generator. 18th International Conference on Thermoelectrics.
Synder, G., & Toberer, E. (2008). Complex Thermoelectric Materials. Nature Materials, 778-781.
Vining, C. (2009). An inconvenient truth about thermoelectrics. Nature Materials.
Weera, S. (2014). Analytical Performance Evaluation of Thermoelectric Modules Using Effective Material Properties.
Wen, C.-Y. D.-D. (2011). Experimental investigation and numerical analysis for one-stage thermoelectric cooler considering Thomson effect. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 54, pp. 4875-4884.
Whitehouse, D. (2013). The Global Warming Standstill. The Global Warming Policy Foundation.
Wu, C. (1996). Analysis of Waste-heat Thermoelectric Power Generators. Applied Thermal Engineering, 63-69.
Zhou, Y., Paul, S., & Bhunia, S. (2008). Harvesting Wasted Heat in a Microprocessor Using Thermoelectric Generators: Modeling, Analysis and Measurement. Design, Automation and Test in. Europe.
