2026-05-08T11:20:36Z https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/oai

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/6 2018-02-07T12:54:25Z IJE:ART

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/10 2026-05-08T07:22:03Z IJE:ART

Planning the Electrification of Rural Villages in East Nusa Tenggara Using Renewable Energy Generation Giwangkara, Jannata van Campen, Bart East Nusa Tenggara electrification planning HOMER LCOE renewable energy rural electrification Providing accessible, affordable and renewable electricity to rural areas in developing countries like Indonesia, is arguably challenging. The higher initial cost of renewable, as compared to conventional energy technologies, is often viewed as an obstacle in the rural electrification decision-making process. This study is conducted to examine the techno-economic feasibility of renewable energy generation options to bring electricity to the rural villages in Indonesia with Belu Regency, East Nusa Tenggara (ENT) as a case study. In this study, three village electrification scenarios were generated: basic (with the demand load of 150,5 kWh/day), moderate (359,9 kWh/day) and advanced electrification (579 kWh/day). To supply the load, three energy technologies were compared: conventional technology (diesel-powered); renewables technology (solar PV, and wind turbines); and hybrid technology (combination of diesel, solar PV and wind). The Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resource (HOMER) software was selected to model the best-optimised system configuration for the scenarios with defined constraints and sensitivity analysis. The study also investigates the impact and benefit of each system on the environment, specifically on CO2 emissions and pricing options. The results found that the renewable energy village-grid system (mostly powered by solar PV) is more competitive than the diesel-powered system in all scenarios. The levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of renewable energy system for each scenario is 0,66 USD/kWh (basic), 0,74 USD/kWh (moderate) and 0,55 USD/kWh (advance) respectively. This preliminary study concludes that rural electrification with renewables is a feasible option for a generic, modeled village in ENT. More, specific case research would be needed. JEL Classification: Q42, Q54 Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2018-02-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/10 10.33116/ije.v1i1.10 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2018): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 5-21 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v1i1 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/10/2 Copyright (c) 2018 Jannata Giwangkara, Bart van Campen

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/11 2026-05-08T07:22:03Z IJE:ART

Enhancing Energy Security through Utilization of Local Resources: Case Study: Biomass/Biogas Utilization in Berau Regency, East Kalimantan Adiwibowo, Indradarma Lestari, Dita Anggun Manalu, Davit Biomass biogas renewable energy palm oil waste utilization Remote rural villages in Indonesia do not have sufficient infrastructure to maintain an economically sound energy generation and distribution. Sparse area and low population hinder national electricity company PLN (Perusahaan Listrik Negara) to connect these remote rural villages to the national grid. Most of the villages lie in the palm oil plantation, where renewable biomass resources from the Palm Oil Mill wastes are plentiful. Untapped biomass resources could be the answer to energy security issue in the remote rural area. Berau Regency in East Kalimantan Province has many villages located in the palm oil plantation area. Nearly all of the palm oil processing plants in Berau use palm shell and fiber to power the mill. Some of them have the agreement with PLN to sell their excess power. This scheme can be applied to provide electricity to villages around the palm oil mills. However, it is unreliable since the amount of excess electricity produced keeps fluctuating. This paper explores the idea of village-owned biomass/biogas power plant that is owned and operated by the villagers themselves. That way, the village can ensure its energy security using sustainable local resources. In conclusion, the investment cost of biomass/biogas power plant cannot be provided by village annual budget. Although the villages in Berau Regency have a relatively high annual budget, wich is about Rp2 billion to Rp5 billion, the investment costs of biomass/biogas power plant is even higher. According to the economic analysis of biomass/biogas power plant development, a biomass power plant with 1,7 MW capacity can cost up to Rp46 billion. Moreover, a biogas power plant with 1 MW capacity costs around 41 billion. It is not possible for the villages to finance the power plant development by themselves. Therefore, the private sector is needed to implement biomass/biogas utilization for rural electrification from palm oil waste. With the Net Present Value (NPV) up to Rp 65.078.072.000,00 and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 20% for biomass power plant and Rp14.330.070.000,00 and 10% for biogas power plant, it is economically feasible and profitable for private enterprise to undertake. The challenges are for the government to encourage the private sector to invest and for PLN to sign Power Purchase Agreement with these palm oil enterprises rather than just Excess Power Agreement. JEL Classification: I39 Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2018-02-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/11 10.33116/ije.v1i1.11 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2018): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 22-34 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v1i1 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/11/3 Copyright (c) 2018 Indradarma Adiwibowo, Dita Anggun Lestari, Davit Manalu

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/12 2026-05-08T07:22:03Z IJE:ART

Study of Gas Resources Utilization of Tangguh, Masela, and Kasuri Blocks for East Indonesia Regional Development Ariadji, Tutuka Yusgiantoro, Luky Susanto, D Sunarjanto, D Sismartono, D Akbar, W A Taher, Wisnu P Arsegianto, A Gas resources Input-Output techno-economic East Indonesia This study is intended to evaluate, analyze and give recommendations for prudently utilizing gas production to maximize regional economic developments. A method to relate sectors and inter-regions, i.e., Inter-regional Input-Output (IRIO) Model, is employed to predict the impact of the upstream potential on the down stream. This techno-economic study examines the allocated gas from three gas field blocks altogether at Maluku and West Papua Provinces, i.e., Tangguh, Masela, and Kasuri, to supply the demands of (1) power plants; (2) fertilizer industries, and (3) petrochemicals industries. This study identifies development processes, investment parameters from pre-construction to operation, implementation parameters, and output parameters, both for the upstream and downstream sectors during 2016-2035. The IRIO model uses the 2010 IRIO Table published by BAPPENAS which consists of 35 sectors and 35 provinces. The shock data used to estimate the economic impacts include those data on infrastructure (CAPEX, OPEX, and supporting facilities), energy consumption (per kWh, per ton fertilizer, and per petrochemical product), workforce, and investments at a particular time. Six simulation modeling scenarios were developed to forecast the future performance of Gross Domestic Product (GDP)/Regional Gross Domestic Products (GRDP), Community Income, and Employment of 4 provinces in Eastern Indonesia. The results indicate that the regional economy could grow significantly by providing electricity first. Hence, the Petrochemical Industry gives more contribution than the Fertilizer Industry. The contribution (compared to BAU condition) increases sharply before taking a peak period and then declines in the year 2025. The best scenario results in a rise of the regional GDP at about 19 percent, wages at about 20 percent, and employment at about 55 percent. Maluku Province deserves the most economic improvement followed by West Papua Province. North Maluku and Papua provinces are not as well-off as those two provinces although there has been an indication of some employment in North Maluku Province. JEL Classification: E23 Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2018-02-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/12 10.33116/ije.v1i1.12 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2018): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 35-51 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v1i1 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/12/4 Copyright (c) 2018 Tutuka Ariadji, Luky Yusgiantoro, D Susanto, D Sunarjanto, D Sismartono, W A Akbar, Wisnu P Taher, A Arsegianto

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/13 2026-05-08T07:22:03Z IJE:ART

Investigation of the price linkage between Asian LNG spot and Far East Asian LNG prices and its implications Pradipta, Muhammad Anas Price linkage Johansen co-integration augmented Dickey-Fuller Phillip-Perron, and Kwiatkowski-Phillips-Schmidt-Shin unit root tests Far East Asian LNG spot prices LNG spot and short-term cargoes long-term contracts spot prices energy: demand and supply prices For so many times, Far East Asian liquid natural gas (LNG) buyers have been using price linked to crude oil-indexed, now they need to find another alternative pricing formula for their crucial energy supply as a better price structure that could reflect the market is needed. LNG spot price is expected to be the pillar for the future LNG trading, especially for Far East Asia Market. As less and less long-term contracts are signed in the Far East Asia Market, this creates an additional demand for the LNG in the spot market, while it raises some issues about the presence of different LNG pricing mechanisms. Most of the LNG spot prices in Asia are indexed to the relatively low natural gas prices in Atlantic Basin. Furthermore, the advancement of drilling technology in the US drives down its natural gas prices, resulting in price discrepancies between Asian LNG spot and East Asian LNG prices. This study investigates whether there is a price linkage between Asian LNG spot and East Asian LNG prices. This study comprehends 91 observations collected from January 2010 to July 2017. Johansen co-integration tests were carried out to examine the existence of long-run relationship on the spot, Japanese and South Korean LNG prices. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF), Phillip-Perron (PP), and Kwiatkowski-Phillips-Schmidt-Shin (KPSS) unit root tests were conducted first before proceeding to the co-integration tests. The results showed that Asian LNG spot prices did not have price linkage for monthly averages of Japanese and South Korean LNG prices. The analyses also indicated that Taiwan LNG markets move together with Asian LNG spot markets. As a conclusion, the results inferred that supply dependency on LNG spot cargoes governed the price linkage among these Asian LNG markets. The use of gas indexed LNG price mechanism did not reflect the economic fundamentals in Asia-Pacific Basin. JEL Classification: Q41 Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2018-02-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/13 10.33116/ije.v1i1.13 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2018): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 52-65 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v1i1 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/13/5 Copyright (c) 2018 Muhammad Anas Pradipta

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/14 2026-05-08T07:22:03Z IJE:ART

Designing Oil and Gas Exploration Strategy For The Future National Energy Sustainability Based on Statistical Analysis of Commercial Reserves and Production Cost in Indonesia Azizurrofi, Ahmad Abdul Mashari, Dian Permatasari Commercial reserves cost per barrel energy investment production cost working areas Indonesia's declining oil production and rising domestic oil consumption have been a big issue for the last few decades which has turned Indonesia into a net oil importer from 2004 onward. The lack of exploration activities and other investments in oil and gas sector have resulted in the decline of Indonesia's oil production. This condition is a result of the plunge of global oil price which has fallen to its lowest level, i.e., US$43.14/Bbl (average oil price in 2016) over the last 12 years. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the distribution of oil and gas production in Indonesia along with the production cost. This analysis will allow investors to find and map working areas in Indonesia with potential commercial reserves while maintaining the lowest possible production costs. The approach of this empirical study is to divide Indonesia into 6 (six) geographical areas, namely Sumatera, Natuna Sea, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Papua. We have collected relevant data about commercial reserves and production cost from existing working areas. Our preliminary results depict that Kalimantan has the highest commercial reserves (i.e., 18.60 MMBOE per contract area) and Papua has the lowest production cost (i.e., US$3.24/BOE). Sulawesi, meanwhile, has the lowest commercial reserves (i.e., 5.39 MMBOE/Contract Area) and Natuna has the highest production cost (i.e., US$16.46/BOE). In summary, this study has shown that Eastern area of Indonesia might hold more oil and gas reserves which can be further managed by Contractor for the benefit of the Country. This study also recommends the Government of Indonesia to be aware of the condition of each working areas to maintain a sustainable oil and gas production on a National level and create attractiveness for investors in the future. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2018-02-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/14 10.33116/ije.v1i1.14 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2018): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 66-81 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v1i1 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/14/6 Copyright (c) 2018 Ahmad Abdul Azizurrofi, Dian Permatasari Mashari

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/22 2026-05-08T07:21:52Z IJE:ART

Decarbonizing Energy in Bali With Solar Photovoltaic: GIS-Based Evaluation on Grid-Connected System Syanalia, Ami Winata, Fikriyah Energy modelling solar PV energy policy In the past century, fossil fuels have dominated energy supply in Indonesia. However, concerns over emissions are likely to change the future energy supply. As people become more conscious of environmental issues, alternatives for energy are sought to reduce the environmental impacts. These include renewable energy (RE) sources such as solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. However, most RE sources like solar PV are not available continuously since they depend on weather conditions, in addition to geographical location. Bali has a stable and long sunny day with 12 hours of daylight throughout the year and an average insolation of 5.3 kWh/m2 per day. This study looks at the potential for on-grid solar PV to decarbonize energy in Bali. A site selection methodology using GIS is applied to measure solar PV potential. Firstly, the study investigates the boundaries related to environmental acceptability and economic objectives for land use in Bali. Secondly, the potential of solar energy is estimated by defining the suitable areas, given the technical assumptions of solar PV. Finally, the study extends the analysis to calculate the reduction in emissions when the calculated potential is installed. Some technical factors, such as tilting solar, and intermittency throughout the day, are outside the scope of this study. Based on this model, Bali has an annual electricity potential for 32-53 TWh from solar PV using amorphous thin-film silicon as the cheapest option. This potential amount to three times the electricity supply for the island in 2024 which is estimated at 10 TWh. Bali has an excessive potential to support its own electricity demand with renewables, however, some limitations exist with some trade-offs to realize the idea. These results aim to build a developmental vision of solar PV systems in Bali based on available land and the region’s irradiation. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2018-08-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/22 10.33116/ije.v1i2.22 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 1 No. 2 (2018): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 5-20 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v1i2 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/22/8 Copyright (c) 2018 Ami Syanalia, Fikriyah Winata

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/23 2026-05-08T07:21:52Z IJE:ART

Enabling Community Participation for Social Innovation in the Energy Sector Budiman, Ibnu Enabling condition social innovation renewable energy citizen initiatives community participation This study investigates enabling conditions for facilitating social innovation in the energy sector. This aspect is important to support the energy transition in Indonesia. This research provides appropriate project direction, including research (and action) gaps for the energy actors in Indonesia. The actors are encouraged to work further with the result of this study to stimulate the energy transition in Indonesia. This study uses a systemic change framework which recognizes four drivers of systemic change in a region: 1. transforming political ecologies; 2. configuring green economies; 3. building adaptive communities; 4. social innovation. These drivers are interconnected, and this study focuses on how the social innovation can be supported by other drivers. This study used interviews and literature review as the sources of data. There were interviews with eight experts who come from different countries and are experienced in social innovation in the energy sector. Afterward, this research reviewed related journal papers from the last five years, to check the latest developments within the topic, to support the interview results. The study found that the enabling condition can focus on one of the drivers of systemic change, which is building communities by increasing their participation, through several integrated actions. This point can be implemented in two types of citizen energy initiatives which are energy cooperatives and sustainable consumption initiatives. Further implementation of these initiatives requires a study on policy and governance support, to create complete enabling conditions to facilitate social innovation in the energy transition. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2018-08-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/23 10.33116/ije.v1i2.23 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 1 No. 2 (2018): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 21 – 31 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v1i2 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/23/9 Copyright (c) 2018 Ibnu Budiman

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/24 2026-05-08T07:21:52Z IJE:ART

Estimation of Indonesia's Energy Demand to 2030 and Alternatives Scenario to Reduce Oil Dependence Mardiana, Dwi Atty Kartoatmodjo, RS. Trijana Kasmungin, Sugiatmo Economy econometric energy oil dependence sustainable energy security The impacts of high dependence on oil on the economy have encouraged many countries to start eliminating or sharply reducing their dependence on oil consumption. As an oil importer as well as oil and gas producer country, Indonesia seeks to do the same thing by eliminating fuel subsidies, shifting to gas, and developing renewable energy. The oil price affects the economic and energy policies and impacts the efforts of reducing oil dependence. Using an econometric model of Indonesia’s energy that is constructed based on its energy balance model, this paper will examine factors that influence the oil demand in Indonesia. It will estimate the country’s energy needs from 2017 to 2030 and simulate various alternative strategies to deal with oil dependencies, such as an increase in the refinery capacity, and a shift from oil to gas in the transportation sector. This paper suggests that shifting from oil to gas in the transportation sector will be able to reduce oil dependency, while the alternative of increasing refinery capacity to 3 million barrel per day will be an opportunity to support greater short-term energy security and economic returns. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2018-08-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/24 10.33116/ije.v1i2.24 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 1 No. 2 (2018): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 32 – 45 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v1i2 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/24/10 Copyright (c) 2018 Dwi Atty Mardiana, RS. Trijana Kartoatmodjo, Sugiatmo Kasmungin

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/25 2026-05-08T07:21:52Z IJE:ART

Multiple Challenges and Opportunities for Biogas Dissemination in Indonesia Budiman, Ibnu Muthahhari, Raushanfikr Kaynak, Ceylan Reichwein, Fabian Zhang, Wandi Biogas firewood programme technology Indonesia More than the half of Indonesian households primarily rely upon firewood for cooking. To overcomecthis problem, multiple initiatives established the decentralized biogas programs. This paper aims to analyze the environmental problem of firewood cooking and to find out various challenges and opportunities for biogas dissemination in rural areas in Indonesia. The method used in this paper is literature review with frameworks of DPSIR and stakeholder matrix. The result found that the firewood cooking is adversely impacting local wooded ecosystems, deforestation rate and negative effect on human respiratory health. The biogas programme is still not able to replace the firewood use. The research found that it is caused by two major challenges. The first one is the issue with the project's approach in which biogas programmes are still dominated by the government grants. This situation leads to community dependency on the grant, lack of investment and low demand and market in this sector. The second challenge is the technology part where many biogas digesters were not operated due to the low quality of installation, and lack of knowledge and skill of the biogas user about the maintenance and installation of the digester. This study suggests that there is the opportunity to improve the approach of governmental biogas programme. It has to involve more roles from non-state actors. In the user side, the farmers as majority user also should be trained properly how to maintain the biogas installations. As the solution, instead of the full grant, the programme can reduce the percentage of subsidy and turn the cost to provide more digesters and training. Key stakeholders need to have cooperation to increase the quality and quantity of the biogas dissemination. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2018-08-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/25 10.33116/ije.v1i2.25 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 1 No. 2 (2018): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 46 – 60 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v1i2 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/25/11 Copyright (c) 2018 Ibnu Budiman, Raushanfikr Muthahhari, Ceylan Kaynak, Fabian Reichwein, Wandi Zhang

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/26 2026-05-08T07:21:52Z IJE:ART

Redefining EOR In Indonesia’s Oil & Gas Industry: A Novel Solution to Overcome Lengthy Lag Time from EOR Implementation In Indonesia Post Gross Split Fiscal System Chandra, Steven Rachmat, Sudjati Enhanced oil recovery gross split huff & puff In the wake of a new fiscal system related to oil and gas industry in Indonesia, namely the gross split system, concerns have been risen due to the fact that the new regulation puts forward EOR as an obligation for oil and gas contractors in order to gain significant incentives to improve field economics. Although EOR itself is a mature and proven technologically and economically to alleviate oil production thus encouraging profitable business, it has to be realized that most greenfields in Indonesia are relatively small compared to previous discoveries or case studies encountered abroad, rendering EOR to be economically obsolete to be implemented in full field scale. This study presents a new concept and suggestions for stakeholders to implement massive tertiary recovery in oil reservoirs around Indonesia using the less expensive and more result oriented, reducing the need for lengthy procedure before full scale EOR can take place. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2018-08-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/26 10.33116/ije.v1i2.26 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 1 No. 2 (2018): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 61 – 67 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v1i2 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/26/12 Copyright (c) 2018 Steven Chandra, Sudjati Rachmat

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/27 2018-12-04T03:08:52Z IJE:ART

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/31 2026-05-08T07:21:41Z IJE:ART

The Use of Big Data in The Oil and Gas Upstream Industry: A Comparison Between Norway And Indonesia Syaifullah, Khalid Istiqlal Big Data open data oil and gas in Indonesia Norway Continental Shelf data analytics EOR A study has been done to perceive the uptake and impact of Big Data in the exploration and production of oil and gas in Indonesia compared to Norway. Interviews were conducted to officials in the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MoEMR) and the state regulator, SKK Migas. In both industries, more data is being generated more than ever in exploration, production, drilling, and operations, indicating potential application of Big Data. However, approach towards data has remained classical with physical models in opposed to common Big Data approach, which is data-driven analytics. Several impacts of Big Data in both industries are highlighted, including new demand for data analysts, the need for regulations surrounding cyber-security, improvement of safety and environment (which hasn’t been considered in Indonesia), and growing need for more trust and regulations towards open data. Open data in the two industries has seen two different trajectories with Indonesia only implementing it very recently, while the NCS has seen open data drives competition since 1999. This study produced recommendations for the government of Indonesia on open data and how uptake and application of Big Data analytics in EOR could potentially increase national petroleum production to desired levels. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2019-02-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/31 10.33116/ije.v2i1.31 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2019): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 14-28 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v2i1 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/31/16 Copyright (c) 2019 Khalid Istiqlal Syaifullah

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/32 2026-05-08T07:21:41Z IJE:ART

Turning a Liability into an Asset: How the Challenge of Powering Indonesia’s Remote Grids is an Opportunity to Shape Cutting-Edge Energy Policy Guild, James infrastructure energy policy renewables smart grid PLN President Jokowi has promised to add 35 GW of power to the national grid, while the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources wants to source 23% of its power from renewable sources by 2025. It will be difficult to reconcile these two goals as the majority of Indonesia’s 35 GW is expected to come from high-capacity coal and gas-fired plants on Java and Sumatra. This runs the risk of both undershooting the renewables goal and neglecting the more remote provinces in eastern Indonesia that rely mainly on imported diesel fuel. With a shrewd policy aproach, this could pose an opportunity to begin developing small-scale renewable power sources – such as solar, wind, and biomass gasification – in more remote parts of Indonesia where natural resources are plentiful and large-scale fossil fuel plants are impractical. This would allow PLN to both boost the share of renewables in the energy mix and acquire experience running flexible micro-grids capable of managing diverse and decentralized energy sources. This would put Indonesia ahead of the curve, as efficient grids that can draw power from a wide range of sources will likely play a big role in the future of energy policy. If PLN continues to focus narrowly on high-capacity gas and coal plants, it will risk getting locked into an inflexible, high-carbon structure ill-suited for the needs of the 21st century. The limits of such a model are already showing in the United States. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2019-02-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/32 10.33116/ije.v2i1.32 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2019): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 5-13 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v2i1 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/32/15 Copyright (c) 2019 James Guild

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/33 2026-05-08T07:21:41Z IJE:ART

The Legality of Oil & Gas Production Sharing Contract Gross Split Scheme Sugiyartomo, Fakharsyah Hanif management gross split scheme income taxes As an oil producing nation, Indonesia embodied its authority to manage its oil resources through article 33 paragraphs 3 of The Republic of Indonesia Constitution 1945. Regarding the article, this means that the state has the authority to manage Indonesian natural resources, directly or indirectly, through other public and/or private institutions and the profit of such activity shall be for the benefit of the people. This granted the state to appoint other institution, including a National/International Oil Company (NOC/IOC), to manage the exploration and production of oil, as that particular activity is regarded as a high risk and high capital business. In order to do so, according to Law no. 22 2001, the state may appoint a NOC/IOC through a production sharing contract. In this research, it is founded that the regulation that governed a production sharing contract with the gross split mechanism—Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation No. 8 2017 jo. Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources No. 52 2017—does not have a strong legal basis. In overall, the management of oil and gas through the gross split mechanism does not gives a maximum benefit for the state, and does not attract the IOC/NOC interest to explore and produce oil and gas in Indonesia. Therefore, in this paper, the reviewing of oil and gas management through a gross split mechanism is recommended. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2019-02-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/33 10.33116/ije.v2i1.33 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2019): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 29-37 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v2i1 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/33/17 Copyright (c) 2019 Fakharsyah Hanif Sugiyartomo

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/34 2026-05-08T07:21:41Z IJE:ART

Renewable Energy Cooperatives as Solution to Enhance Electrification and Economic in Developing Region Achzab, Ade Hilmy Maulana Putra, Iqbal Ridalta Renewable Energy Cooperatives electrification decentralization renewable energy developing region society’s characteristic legal Indonesia is the nation with abundant of natural resources. Natural resources itself in kind of crude oil, natural gas, coal, geothermal, hydropower, wind, and biomass become the commodity which is targeted to enhance economic development by utilizing them as the object for electrical supply in Indonesia, especially for nation electricity need. In Indonesia, the index for electrification reaches up to 94.91% in 2017 and continuously increasing year by year. It is contrary to regional electrification index as some developing region still far below 80%, even though those region have a huge amount of renewable resources potential, ranging from, solar, water, biomass, wind, geothermal as well as garbage. That potential does not go in line with renewable energy power plant which counts to 1% of total energy source. It can be analyzed that it happen because the inavailability of technology and social-political activity in Indonesia. Other than that, the system of centralization of electrical provision inhibit the potential of each region that could directly handled by local society. Therefore in this paper we propose a solution in form of renewable energy cooperatives (REC). REC applies the system of people economy to enhance the power plant establishment. REC would give capital to local society that comes from their own, to establish their own power plant. This allows the shifting to decentralization to optimize region potential and help government to reach the goal of electrification in Indonesia and plays major role in transforming Indonesian economic. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2019-02-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/34 10.33116/ije.v2i1.34 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2019): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 38-50 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v2i1 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/34/18 Copyright (c) 2019 Ade Hilmy Maulana Achzab, Iqbal Ridalta Putra

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/35 2026-05-08T07:21:41Z IJE:ART

Sustainable Development Assessment on North Jakarta using Indicators and PLS-SEM Lilyana, Lilyana Lovandhika, Naufal Sanca Tambunan, Rudy P. Utomo, Suyud Warno Zagloel, Teuku Yuri M. Gozali, Lina Sustainable Development Indicators PLS-SEM Coastal Area Monitoring GIS Indonesia, as the second longest coastline country in the world, contain a huge coastal area need to be managed. One way to manage coastal area is using monitoring systems, yet none of them has been effectively implemented in Indonesia. This research attempts to develop monitoring system using indicators. There were 105 indicators that chosen from references. Each of the indicators were filtered by scoring method and then be processed using PLS-SEM resulting 9 indicators and sustainability development monitoring model. Coastal Area of North Jakarta has been chosen as area to implementing the model since that area are dynamics and growing rapidly. Based on the model, coastal area of North Jakarta has good economic condition (62.2%), medium social condition (46.7%), and bad natural environment condition (38%). Sustainable development seems quite implemented in this area since the balance of Economic-Social-Natural Environment was on the medium and balanced category. By using GIS can be seen that the development that occurred in west side study area are better than middle or east side. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2019-02-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/35 10.33116/ije.v2i1.35 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2019): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 51-60 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v2i1 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/35/19 Copyright (c) 2019 Lilyana Lilyana, Naufal Sanca Lovandhika, Rudy P. Tambunan, Suyud Warno Utomo, Teuku Yuri M. Zagloel, Lina Gozali

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/37 2026-05-08T07:21:27Z IJE:ART

Wind Energy in Indonesia: Current Status, Potential, Challenge, Opportunities, and Future Policy Pristiandaru, Danur Lambang Pambudi, Nugroho Agung wind energy Indonesia potential future policy Like many countries, an increase in population and economic growth has made Indonesia’s energy demands significantly raise. By 2050, Indonesia hopes to have 31% of its energy supply met by tapping on renewable energy, like the wind which can yield up to 16.7% of the power. However, the development of wind energy in Indonesia is still low. One underlying reason is the average speed of wind in Indonesia quite low, making it very difficult to produce energy on a large scale. Many of Indonesia’s current wind energy systems installed in remote locations, often as part of a development or research project in stand-alone or hybrid systems. These partly caused by a lack of confidence in wind power and not being sure of where could be the best locations for wind plants. This paper studies the status of wind energy in Indonesia, the challenges that it faces and future policies. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2019-08-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/37 10.33116/ije.v2i2.37 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2019): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 65-73 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v2i2 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/37/20 Copyright (c) 2019 Danur Lambang Pristiandaru, Nugroho Agung Pambudi

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/38 2026-05-08T07:21:27Z IJE:ART

Laboratory Study: Biopolymer from Extraction Seeds of Kluwih and Jackfruit for Enhanced Oil Recovery Gajah, Ganesha Arifin, Ihsan Hidayat, Rahmad Enhanced Oil Recovery polymer injection Kluwih jackfruit starch Polymer injection is a tertiary recovery that lowering the injection-oil water mobility ratio thus more efficient to produce oil. The increase in the polymer used for injection requires a large number of suitable polymers. Laboratory studies are necessary to develop new polymer produced domestically, with easily available materials, do not damage the environment, not harm the environment, and are economical. Seeds of Kluwih and Jackfruit contain the starch as a biopolymer for polymer injection because competent to act as a viscosifying agent thus repair the water-oil mobility ratio. Laboratory study is carried out through a series of processes. From starch extraction to polymer screening. The pure starch extraction is done by the wet method through a series of experiments carried out repeatedly. Observation with polymer screening was carried out on five tests. The rheology of polymers examined at two different polymer concentrations and temperatures to determine the viscosity at varying shear rate. Compatibility tests are reviewed to determine the homogeneous and the solubility of the polymer by the solvent. Filtration test is an entrapment test, know the relation between polymer molecule sizes and pore size distribution. The static polymer test is an adsorption test to know the polymer retention in the core caused by chemical interaction between core and polymer. The polymer flooding procedure is to know polymer performance to pushes remaining oil after waterflooding. The results show a pure starch without impurity content. In liquid, the starch acts as a viscosifying agent. Both of the two polymers degrade by shear rate and (polymer chain) broken at higher temperatures. Kluwih and Jackfruit starch dissolve homogeneously without a lumping. Polymer trapping and adsorption not dominantly occur by Jackfruit and Kluwih. The native polymer can enhance oil recovery but sensitive to the core and polymeric conditions. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2019-08-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/38 10.33116/ije.v2i2.38 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2019): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 74-88 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v2i2 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/38/21 Copyright (c) 2019 Ganesha Gajah, Ihsan Arifin, Rahmad Hidayat

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/39 2026-05-08T07:21:27Z IJE:ART

Realism in the Trans ASEAN Gas Pipeline Project Syah, Rahmadha Akbar Mahmud, Zaki Khudzaifi realism neorealism TAGP Russian Gas Pipeline To improve connectivity and energy security, especially natural gas, Southeast Asian countries, under the cooperation of Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), are trying to build a gas pipeline that stretches from Indonesia to Myanmar. The project is called the Trans ASEAN Gas Pipeline (TAGP) under the ASEAN Plan of Action for Energy Cooperation (APAEC) scheme. However, regional countries are still dealing with their domestic problems, and there are fears that TAGP is detrimental to producer countries, resulting in the delay of this project as much by as four years – from 2020 to 2024. The uncertainty of the TAGP project further emphasizes that there is a tendency for countries not to adhere to the ASEAN forum’s agreements. Especially if it has to be juxtaposed with the Russian Gas Pipeline project which was built to distribute natural gas to Western European countries, TAGP is still far behind. In designing this paper, the authors use qualitative methods through literature studies by referring to the realism approach of International Relations to dissect TAGP problems. Furthermore, the author also feels the need to accommodate the neorealism approach to be used as a supportive approach in looking at the issues of disobedience in regional countries in supporting the TAGP scheme. Also, the authors conducted a brief comparison between TAGP and the Russian Gas Pipeline to be used as a case study analysis material that would later provide answers of why TAGP failed to go as planned. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2019-08-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/39 10.33116/ije.v2i2.39 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2019): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 89-98 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v2i2 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/39/22 Copyright (c) 2019 Rahmadha Akbar Syah, Zaki Khudzaifi Mahmud

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/40 2026-05-08T07:21:27Z IJE:ART

Bioavtur Synthesis from Palm Fatty Acid Distillate through Hydrotreating and Hydrocracking Processes Sabarman, J.S. Legowo, E.H. Widiputri, D.I. Siregar, A.R. Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) hydrotreating hydrocracking bioavtur Increasing concern in fossil fuel depletion and CO2 emissions create an urgent need for biofuel substitution. Bio-jet fuel is a possible alternative for conventional jet fuels which currently accounts for 2% of the world’s CO2 emission. Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) is the byproduct of palm oil refinery process, which has a potential to become a promising raw material for the synthesis of bioavtur due to its high free fatty acid content. The oil-to-jet pathway is a possible route to produce bioavtur from PFAD, which includes hydrotreating, hydrocracking, and hydroisomerization processes. This research aims to investigate the hydrotreating and hydrocracking processes. The parameters that were investigated are temperature, solvent to PFAD ratio, catalyst loading, and pressure. The parameters variations were as follows: the temperature at 350oC and 400oC, the pressure at 40 bar and 32.5 bar, the solvent to PFAD ratio at 2:1 and 1:1, and the catalyst loading (%wt) at 1%, 2%, and 3%. Presulfided NiMo/?-Al2O3 PIDO 120 1.3 was used for one-step hydrotreating and hydrocracking processes. Results indicated that the 400oC provided better free fatty acid (FFA) conversion. FFA is also almost completely removed when the catalyst used is 3% weight. Solvent to PFAD ratio affected the FFA conversion marginally, while higher catalyst loading (3%) improved the FFA conversion. Gas chromatography results show that the hydrocarbon chains are successfully hydrocracked into C9-C17. The best selectivity of the product to bioavtur range was calculated at 68.99%. Solvent ratio affects the hydrocracking more significantly than the catalyst loading. One sample with temperature operation 400oC and solvent to PFAD ratio 1:1 was in the range of conventional avtur density. With the method used in this study, it can be concluded that PFAD is a promising raw material for bioavtur. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2019-08-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/40 10.33116/ije.v2i2.40 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2019): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 99-110 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v2i2 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/40/23 Copyright (c) 2019 J.S. Sabarman, E.H. Legowo, D.I. Widiputri, A.R. Siregar

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/41 2026-05-08T07:21:27Z IJE:ART

Model Validation of Biomass-Coal Blends Co-Pyrolysis to Produce Hybrid Coal Zahra, Aghietyas Choirun Az Prasetyo, Hendi Aviano Rizkiana, Jenny Wulandari, Winny Sasongko, Dwiwahju co-pyrolysis hybrid coal low-rank coal sawdust Aspen Plus Co-pyrolysis of coal and biomass blend to produce hybrid coal has recently been experimentally studied by some previous researchers. For similar generated energy, a newly developed hybrid coal is claimed to be more environmentally friendly compared to the coal only due to the release of neutral CO2. To acquire a better understanding of co-pyrolysis of coal and biomass blend, an experiment had been carried out in a tubular furnace reactor. For this purpose, the blends of constant mass composition of 20 wt% sawdust and 80 wt% low-rank coal were used throughout the study. It was found from the experiment that approximately 42.1% carbon, and 1.6% of ash were produced from the co-pyrolysis blend. Then, a steady state simulation of co-pyrolysis was developed using Aspen Plus v8.8 to predict the hybrid coal carbon content and required heat to perform the co-pyrolysis. The model simulation showed that hybrid coal yielded 44.0% carbon, which was at 4.5% deviation from the experimental study. The model had also been successfully used to estimate heat required to produce hybrid coal. It predicted that the equivalent heat of 336.2 kW was required to produce hybrid coal from 1,000 kg/h blend feed. The heat generated by the modeling of sawdust biomass combustion for fuel purposes was also estimated to supply heat for endothermic co-pyrolysis. It was found that 1,000 kg/h sawdust was predicted to be equivalent to 371.4 kW. This suggests that for scaling up purpose, ratio of sawdust fuel to blend feed of 1:1.1 is sufficient for this process. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2019-08-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/41 10.33116/ije.v2i2.41 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2019): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 111-117 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v2i2 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/41/24 Copyright (c) 2019 Aghietyas Choirun Az Zahra, Hendi Aviano Prasetyo, Jenny Rizkiana, Winny Wulandari, Dwiwahju Sasongko

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/42 2026-05-08T07:21:27Z IJE:ART

The Impacts of Emission Reduction Targets in Indonesia Electricity Systems: An Energy-Economy-Environment Model Simulation Irsyad, Muhammad Indra al Halog, Anthony Nepal, Rabindra Koesrindartoto, Deddy P. linear programming agent-based modelling (ABM) input-output analysis life-cycle analysis Climate change policy often contradicts the least-cost objective of electricity generation in developing countries. The objective of our study is to propose electricity generation mixes that can meet emission reduction targets in Indonesia. We estimate the optimal generation mix, costs, and emissions from three scenarios, namely existing power plant planning, and 11% and 14% emission reductions in Indonesia’s electricity sector. The estimations are based on linear programming, input-output analysis, and life-cycle analysis, integrated into an agent-based modeling (ABM) platform. The simulation results confirm the existing power plant planning, which is dominated by coal-based power plants, as the lowest-cost scenario in the short-term; however, this scenario also produces the highest emissions. Emission reduction scenarios have lower emissions due to a higher share of renewables and, therefore, the Indonesian electricity system is robust from fossil fuel price increases. In the long-term, costs incurred in the emission reduction scenarios will be lower than electricity generation costs under the existing power plant planning. Our findings should be a basis for re-evaluating energy policies, power plant planning, and the research agenda in Indonesia. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2019-08-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/42 10.33116/ije.v2i2.42 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2019): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 118-130 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v2i2 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/42/25 Copyright (c) 2019 Muhammad Indra al Irsyad, Anthony Halog, Rabindra Nepal, Deddy P. Koesrindartoto

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/44 2026-05-08T07:21:14Z IJE:ART

Modeling of Hydrogen Adsorption Phenomenon in Amorphous Silica Using Molecular Dynamics Method Abdurrahman, Muhammad Hanif Fatriansyah, J. F. Dhaneswara, D. Kuskendrianto, F. R. Yusuf, M. B. hydrogen storage amorphous silica molecular dynamics simulation Lennard-Jones potential adsorption Hydrogen is one of the future source energy because it has environmentally friendly. However, there are still some problems in the storage method of hydrogen. In several studies, it was found that Silicon based material is a promising candidate as a hydrogen storage medium. In this study, the effect of various temperature and pressure to the adsorption of hydrogen on amorphous silica with molecular dynamics simulation using Lennard-Jones potential. In this simulation, the temperature that i used are 233, 253, 273 and 293 K with pressure at each temperature are 1, 2, 5, 10, and 15 atm. The simulations had successfully visualized and indicate that amorphous silica has a good hydrogen storage capability where temperature and pressure affect the amount of hydrogen adsorbed. At low temperature (233 K), the hydrogen concentrations are relatively high than at higher temperature. The best result of hydrogen capacity is 0.048116% that occurred at high pressure (15 atm) with low temperature (233 K) condition.*The paper has been selected from a collaboration with IPST and 7th ICFCHT 2019 for a conference entitled "Innovation in Polymer Science and Technology (IPST) 2019 in Conjunction with 7th International Conference on Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Technology (ICFCHT 2019) on October 16th - 19th at The Stones Hotel Legian, Bali, Indonesia" Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2020-02-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/44 10.33116/ije.v3i1.44 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 3 No. 1 (2020): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 25-33 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v3i1 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/44/29 Copyright (c) 2020 Muhammad Hanif Abdurrahman, J. F. Fatriansyah, D. Dhaneswara, F. R. Kuskendrianto, M. B. Yusuf

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/45 2026-05-08T07:21:14Z IJE:ART

Development of Carbon Based NPK Slow Release Fertilizer using Biochar from Oil Palm Empty Fruits Bunch Finalis, Era Restu Sri Djangkung, Sumbogo Murti Arfiana Noor, Ilhamsyah Suratno, Hadi Rosyadi, Erlan Saputra, Hens Noda, Reiji biomass gasification oil palm empty fruit bunches biochar slow release fertilizer Biochar is a solid material produced by thermochemical conversion of biomass under oxygen-limited conditions. It has a wide surface and contains many pores so that it can be used as a material for making fertilizer. Biochar based slow release NPK fertilizer was formulated and developed to reduce nutrient leaching and greenhouse gas emissions. In this research, biochar which was a by-product of biomass gasification using oil palm empty fruit bunches was processed to make slow release biochar NPK fertilizer. Sources of nitrogen (N) were derived from urea, phosphate (P) from diamonium phosphate (DAP) and potassium (K) derived from potassium chloride (KCl). Zeolite was added as a matrix to improve fertilizer characteristics. All materials were formulated to make slow release biochar NPK fertilizer used for red onion (Allium sepa) plant applications. Several micronutrients were also added including Mg (MgSO4 fertilizer) and S (ZA fertilizer) to support plant growth. The characterization of fertilizer products was carried out by using SEM, BET etc. to determine physical properties including surface area, pore volume, morphology and composition. Furthermore, biochar NPK fertilizer was applied to the red onion plant which was a high-value crop in Indonesia. The application of NPK biochar fertilizer on red onion plant showed its superiority compared to commercial NPK fertilizers. In addition, the use of Magnesium and sulfur micronutrients could support the growth of red onion bulbs so that they produced more and bigger bulbs.*The paper has been selected from a collaboration with IPST and 7th ICFCHT 2019 for a conference entitled "Innovation in Polymer Science and Technology (IPST) 2019 in Conjunction with 7th International Conference on Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Technology (ICFCHT 2019) on October 16th - 19th at The Stones Hotel Legian, Bali, Indonesia" Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2020-02-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/45 10.33116/ije.v3i1.45 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 3 No. 1 (2020): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 19-24 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v3i1 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/45/28 Copyright (c) 2020 Era Restu Finalis, Sumbogo Murti Sri Djangkung, Arfiana, Ilhamsyah Noor, Hadi Suratno, Erlan Rosyadi, Hens Saputra, Reiji Noda

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/46 2026-05-08T07:21:14Z IJE:ART

Design of Control and Human Machine Interface (HMI) for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Kurniawan, Kurniawan Budiman, Abdul Hamid Hermawan, Ferri Rahmawan, Anton PEMFC control system HMI SOP Fuel cell is an electrochemical device that converts hydrogen and oxygen produces electrical energy continuously, water and heat as by product, which simultaneously. Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) operates with polymer electrolytes which are thin and proton permeable. Designing the control system, it is expected that the fuel cell operation could be in accordance with the predetermined process parameter design. In addition to the control system for fuel cell operations, a fuel cell protection or security system design is also carried out during operation in real condition. Referring to the block diagram or control system architecture and fuel cell operations that have been made, a detailed design will be made as a reference for the prototype of the control and protection system for operational and fuel cell testing and controlling. Making Standard operation procedure (SOP) is very helpful in the operation and avoids operating errors that can damage and harm caused.*The paper has been selected from a collaboration with IPST and 7th ICFCHT 2019 for a conference entitled "Innovation in Polymer Science and Technology (IPST) 2019 in Conjunction with 7th International Conference on Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Technology (ICFCHT 2019) on October 16th - 19th at The Stones Hotel Legian, Bali, Indonesia" Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2020-02-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/46 10.33116/ije.v3i1.46 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 3 No. 1 (2020): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 12-18 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v3i1 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/46/27 Copyright (c) 2020 Kurniawan Kurniawan, Abdul Hamid Budiman, Ferri Hermawan, Anton Rahmawan

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/47 2026-05-08T07:21:14Z IJE:ART

Thermoelectric Generator: A Source of Renewable Energy Fabracuer, Nicanor Jr Cepe, Reymart Ricafort, Neil Francis Rosal, Rhoda Jane thermoelectric generator Seebeck effect semiconductors With the natural sources of energy such as fossil fuels is slowly depleting, it became a trend to find new sources of unlimited energy. Renewable source of energy is the best source of unlimited energy for it will be utilizing the resources around like solar, hydro, wind, and many more. One of those newly developed renewable sources utilizes the waste heat developed by individual machines. Since electrical generating machines that use combustion engines generate a considerable amount of waste heat energy from the exhaust gases. Hence, this study focused on waste heat energy harvester by the use of the thermoelectric generator. Thermoelectric power generation is based on a phenomenon called the Seebeck effect. When a temperature difference is established between the hot and cold junctions of two dissimilar materials, a voltage is generated. The heat flow circulation through the semiconductors causes a displacement of charge carriers. A larger delta temperature creates a larger electrical current, ideally, but it is coupled with the fact that a semiconductor is effective only on a temperature range making the thermoelectric generators operational on a limited delta temperature. Primarily, the device was composed of a thermoelectric module mounted on an aluminum plate and placed in an oven. The main objective of the study is to design a circuitry for the thermoelectric generator that aimed to generate a minimum of 20 watts in order to power an AC load. In order to validate the device fabricated, certain measurements needed to be taken during the operation of the prototype. Thus, this device is now a developing source of alternative energy with further studies and innovations for commercial purposes.*The paper has been selected from a collaboration with IPST and 7th ICFCHT 2019 for a conference entitled "Innovation in Polymer Science and Technology (IPST) 2019 in Conjunction with 7th International Conference on Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Technology (ICFCHT 2019) on October 16th - 19th at The Stones Hotel Legian, Bali, Indonesia" Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2020-02-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/47 10.33116/ije.v3i1.47 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 3 No. 1 (2020): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 1-11 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v3i1 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/47/26 Copyright (c) 2020 Nicanor Jr Fabracuer, Reymart Cepe, Neil Francis Ricafort, Rhoda Jane Rosal

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/50 2026-05-08T07:21:14Z IJE:ART

Techno-economic Feasibility Analysis of Photovoltaic Charging Station for Electric Boats in Sabangko Island Indradjaja, B. D. Ramadhani, B. Günther, Phil. M. Gunawan, P. PV charging station electric boat battery energy modelling Indonesia is the largest archipelago in the world. There are thousands of islands that are located far away from the grid that needs access to electricity. As a result, PV mini-grids have been installed in many remote islands. However, most of these PV mini-grids are under-utilized producing large amounts of unused excess energy. Since most of the inhabitants of these remote islands depend on fishing for their livelihoods, an idea was proposed to use excess energy from a PV mini-grid to power electric boats. This paper presents a techno-economic feasibility analysis of a PV charging station for electric boats using Sabangko Island in Makassar as an exemplary location. A detailed analysis of the existing system shows that there is enough excess energy to charge several boat batteries. The economic analysis shows that the LCOE of the project is quite low relative to other off-grid projects and the price of renting and charging a battery is still affordable. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2020-02-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/50 10.33116/ije.v3i1.50 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 3 No. 1 (2020): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 34-50 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v3i1 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/50/31 Copyright (c) 2020 B. D. Indradjaja, B. Ramadhani, Phil. M. Günther, P. Gunawan

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/87 2026-05-08T07:21:01Z IJE:ART

Facing Indonesia’s Future Energy with Bacterio-Algal Fuel Cells Subadri, Intan Satriyatama, Adhi Budi, Ignatius D. M. bacteria algae microbial fuel cells renewable energy The energy crisis has become a global issue that has plagued almost all parts of the world. MFCs (Microbial Fuel Cells) is an alternative technology because of its ability to convert waste into electrical energy. The bacterio-algal fuel cell (BAFCs) is kind of an effort for increasing the economic value and carbon capture capability of MFCs. In this case, algae used as a catholyte and organic substrate containing anode-reducing exoelectrogenic bacteria acted as anolyte. This research will examine the potential of algae in BAFCs as an alternative energy for Indonesia's future. By photosynthesis reaction, bacterio-algal fuel cells are operated in a self-sustaining cycle. It can be configured in single, dual chambers, and triple chambers. The performance of bacterio-algal fuel cells is strongly influenced by the bacterial and algae species in each compartment. Factors involved in bacterial-algal fuel cells are also analyzed and assessed: electrode materials, membrane, carbon sources, and algae pretreatment, including the operational parameter, such as pH and temperature. Bacterio-algal fuel cells are recommended to be used to convert algae into electricity by scaling-up and integrating the devices. Organic substrate could be obtained from municipal wastewater. Algae as by-product could be harvested and converted into certain products. Algal Fuel Cell is the solution to produce electricity and reduce CO2 pollution at the same time. Also, an algal fuel cell is potential for sustainable use in the future. By integrating the algal fuel cell in the factory that produces high-concentrated wastewater, the fuel cell can purify the wastewater so that it is safe to be drained to the environment and also can make an integrated electricity production for the whole factory. Some ways to improve the power production are proposed to improve the power generation from BAFCs since this technology offers clean, affordable, sustainable energy, and in-line with SDGs. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2020-08-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/87 10.33116/ije.v3i2.87 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 3 No. 2 (2020): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 68-82 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v3i2 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/87/35 Copyright (c) 2020 Intan Subadri, Adhi Satriyatama, Ignatius D. M. Budi

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/88 2026-05-08T07:21:01Z IJE:ART

The Role of Fixed-Dome and Floating Drum Biogas Digester for Energy Security in Indonesia Budiman, Ibnu fixed-dome floating drum biogas biodigester Indonesia Since 2010, technological innovations for small-medium biogas digester in Indonesia were mainly dominated by two designs; 1. fixed-dome digesters as a strong technology and proven in other developing countries, 2. the floating drum digester made of fiberglass as a suitable design for Indonesia’s earthquake-prone geography. This study analyzes the effectiveness of these two-biogas technologies for energy security in the country, from the perspectives of stakeholders of biogas programs. The study draws on semi-structured interviews, reviews of policy and program reports and documentation, as well as academic literature. Data were collected from key institutions and other stakeholders related to biogas programs, e.g. ministries, local governments, businesses, civil society, and academics. These institutions provided their review on the effectiveness of fixeddome and floating drum biogas digester. This study found that the technological effectiveness and reliability of both biogas technological design are relatively the same. Both technological designs are found to have problems a few weeks after the installation in some regions. These issues were caused by a lack of enforcement to the standard of technological construction. In terms of contribution to energy security, both designs contribute to the sustainability, availability, and affordability aspects of the energy system in the country. The diversity of technological design supports the resilience of the energy system. As a way forward, more detailed monitoring and evaluation are required to check damaged biodigesters and maintain a good quality of construction of both designs, particularly in rural areas. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2020-08-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/88 10.33116/ije.v3i2.88 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 3 No. 2 (2020): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 83-93 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v3i2 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/88/36 Copyright (c) 2020 Ibnu Budiman

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/89 2026-05-08T07:21:01Z IJE:ART

Can Energy Trading be a Solution for Indonesia’s Energy Mix Goal through Solar Energy? Berian, Zagy Y. Kaulika, Vincent O. energy trading rooftop solar PV renewable energy mix Serpong Climate change has gotten more and more serious worldwide. To secure the future for our next generation, we need to change the way we use and consume energy from a cleaner source. In Indonesia, this effort is shown through Presidential Regulation No. 22/2017, or general planning of national energy (RUEN) indicates that Indonesia’s government is targeting 23% of energy mix via solar power. However, today, through various industries and consumers level adoption, it is still hard to achieve. The consumer study by Institute for Essential Services Reform (IESR) found that the main issues for the adoption in Jabodetabek are due to lack of consumer incentive, lack of clear benefits of electricity reduction, and poor education about how to install solar power on the consumer level. Throughout this paper, the authors are going to propose a way for energy trading to solve such issues from a top-down perspective. It will start from how the current condition at the consumer level is, the potential scenario, stakeholder benefits analysis, potential location case study, to the commercialization through economic analysis. To achieve the goal of incentivizing customer yet still creating economic sense for the potential investors, which we use state-owned electricity company (PLN) as an example to provide alternatives to a larger scale power plant investment, we experiment on multiple profit sharing mechanisms and scenarios. By varying the profit-sharing factor, we get that 35%-65% profit sharing mechanism gives PLN an acceptable payback period and decent profit margin while can still incentivize the customer. From this study on, we can further study the customer buy-in (incentive level) elasticity in correlation with the variation of profit share that is still profitable for the investor or PLN before deciding on the policy. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2020-08-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/89 10.33116/ije.v3i2.89 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 3 No. 2 (2020): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 94-106 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v3i2 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/89/37 Copyright (c) 2020 Zagy Y. Berian, Vincent O. Kaulika

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/90 2026-05-08T07:21:01Z IJE:ART

Biomass Waste and Low Rank Coal Gasification Technology with Carbon Capture System to Optimize A Clean Energy Production as An Alternative Solution to Achieve Energy Security in Indonesia Baskoro, Ardian N. Aptari, Odara E. biomass calcium carbon capture coal gasification A shift into a more developed country means an increase in various aspects of economy, energy, social, and even environment. For Indonesia, a major change that the country needs to face is the increase of energy demand of 7% every year, reaching a final average expected energy consumption of 497.77 MTOE in 2050. In order to fulfil all upcoming energy demands and achieve energy security, it is crucial to utilize the available abundant resources that the country possesses. Two of these potential resources include coal (22.6 billion tons) and biomass (32.6 GW). Gasification is an alternative clean technology that can utilize low rank coal or biomass to convert it into syngas. The quality of syngas was characterized using the H2/CO ratio parameter. The greater the carbon density in a material, the greater H2/CO ratio will be. However, syngas produced from conventional gasification still emits CO2. Since CO2 is still emitted in coal gasification technology, a carbon capture system called HyPr-RING process is implemented as an alternative to reduce CO2 and increase the quality of syngas up to 91% volume of H2. The process uses CaO as a sorbent to capture CO2 and convert it into CaCO3 in a gasifier. Then, the CaCO3 is calcinated in a calciner to release back CaO that is recycled to capture more of the CO2. Aside from the high availability of coal and biomass, CaO as a major substance used in the CO2 capture process is also abundant in Indonesia (2,156 billion tons). This technology innovation is also economically feasible as it creates a net profit of USD 58,215 and ROI of 11%. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2020-08-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/90 10.33116/ije.v3i2.90 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 3 No. 2 (2020): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 55-67 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v3i2 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/90/38 Copyright (c) 2020 Ardian N. Baskoro, Odara E. Aptari

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/91 2026-05-08T07:21:01Z IJE:ART

Performance Enhancement of Solar Panels Using Adaptive Velocity-Particle Swarm Optimization (AVPSO) Algorithm for Charging Station as an Effort for Energy Security Mohammad, Luthfansyah Asy’ari, Muhammad K. Izdiharrudin, Mokhammad F. Suyanto AV-PSO mppt charging station DC to DC SEPIC converter coulomb counting solar panel The growth of public awareness of the environment is directly proportional to the development of the use of electric cars. Electric cars operate by consuming electrical energy from battery storage, which must be recharged periodically at the charging station. Solar panels are one source of energy that is environmentally friendly and has the potential to be applied to charging stations. The use of solar panels causes the charging station to no longer depend on conventional electricity networks, which the majority of it still use fossil fuel power plants. Solar panels have a problem that is not optimal electrical power output so that it has the potential to affect the charging parameters of the battery charging station. Adaptive Velocity-Particle Swarm Optimization (AV-PSO) is an artificial intelligence type MPPT optimization algorithm that can solve the problem of solar panel power optimization. This study also uses the Coulomb Counting method as a battery capacity estimator. The results showed that the average sensor accuracy is more than 91% with a DC-DC SEPIC converter which has an efficiency of 69.54%. In general, the proposed charging station system has been proven capable to enhance the energy security by optimizing the output power of solar panels up to 22.30% more than using conventional systems. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2020-08-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/91 10.33116/ije.v3i2.91 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 3 No. 2 (2020): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 107-116 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v3i2 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/91/39 Copyright (c) 2020 Luthfansyah Mohammad, Muhammad K. Asy’ari, Mokhammad F. Izdiharrudin, Suyanto

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/92 2026-05-08T07:21:01Z IJE:ART

Geothermal Salt Factory (GSF) Design in Parangwedang Geothermal, Bantul, Special Region of Yogyakarta Gilang, Alfian Jauhari, Mohammad H. Kristiati, Maria T. low enthalpy geothermal salt factory Parangwedang Hot Spring Indonesia has the largest geothermal energy potential in the world with potential value ±28 GWe, but the potential of geothermal low enthalpy is still not utilized properly. On the other hand, improvement in the salt industry needs to be done because the salt industry in Indonesia has not been able to meet domestic salt demand. Domestic salt supply deficit is caused by the salt industry in Indonesia just relies on salt traditional farmers who are very dependent on the sunlight and the absence of a modern and sustainable salt-making industry. Therefore, the authors made a salt factory design using low enthalpy geothermal by utilizing Parangwedang geothermal as a heat source energy. Parangwedang geothermal is located in the Special Region of Yogyakarta with existence manifestation as a hot spring. Based on previous research, the potential of Parangwedang geothermal was 10 MWe. The reservoir rock may have a temperature range 115 °C and the hot spring fluid temperature 43 °C. The hot spring distance from the seashore is 403 meters with elevation reach 8 meters. The method used in this study is literature study and data collection in the field. Literature data is obtained from various sources and then compiled and grouped for the design of the salt factory that utilizes low enthalpy geothermal energy. This factory system will involve two pumps, one of which will drain the hot water from the Parangwedang hot spring and the other will drain the water from the ocean to the salt production pan. A boiling tank and condenser are used to boil the sea. Hot water from the boiling tank is used for drying the salt brine and brine is dried in the salt pan. In the result, the authors calculated factory production capacity, the GSF production capacity is ±14 tons salt each year. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2020-08-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/92 10.33116/ije.v3i2.92 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 3 No. 2 (2020): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 117-124 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v3i2 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/92/40 Copyright (c) 2020 Alfian Gilang, Mohammad H. Jauhari, Maria T. Kristiati

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/98 2026-05-08T07:20:44Z IJE:ART

Complexity of Barriers to Biogas Digester Dissemination in Indonesia Budiman, Ibnu bioenergy biogas governance program fragmentation In the global south, the use of firewood and LPG as dominant energy sources for cooking contributes to socio-ecological issues. Alternatively, biogas is considered a cleaner energy source generated from organic waste. However, in Indonesia, until 2018, only less than 2 percent of households utilized biogas for cooking fuel. This research aims to explore the landscape of biogas governance in Indonesia, its fragmentation and its relation with biodigester dissemination. This study found that there is fragmentation within small-medium scale national biogas programs in Indonesia. Seven national government biogas programs have similar governance arrangements and characteristics; scattered in different departments within the ministry, using the grant approach with two main vendors, often overlapping with local government programs and not providing proper monitoring and evaluation mechanism, as well as proper training for users. Meanwhile, the biogas program by a non-government organization utilizes a semi-commercial approach; collaborating with multiple stakeholders (governments, local construction partner organizations, cooperatives and private sectors-companies and banks); and has standardized training and after-sale services. Within those biogas programs, there are multiple barriers along the supply chain process of biodigester dissemination. These barriers relate to the governance aspect of biogas programs. Fragmented governance affected the capability of each program to tackle barriers in biogas digester dissemination.    Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2021-02-26 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/98 10.33116/ije.v4i1.98 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2021): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 57-70 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v4i1 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/98/46 Copyright (c) 2021 Ibnu Budiman

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/99 2026-05-08T07:20:44Z IJE:ART

Understanding the Potential of Bio-Carbon Capture and Storage from Biomass Power Plant in Indonesia Sutrisno, Zefania Praventia Meiritza, Attaya Artemis Raksajati, Anggit empty fruit bunch bio-CCS biomass gasification firing Bio-Carbon Capture and Storage Empty Fruit Bunch Biomass Power Plant Indonesia is currently experiencing a significant increase in population, industrialization and energy demand. As the energy demand increases, so does the production of climate-altering CO2 emission. Biomass power plants have emerged as a low carbon power generation alternative, utilizing agricultural and industrial waste. Biomass power plants have the potential of being a carbon-negative power generation technology in the near future by integrating carbon and capture storage (bio-CCS). The objective of this paper is to analyze and map potential CO2 emission in the processes of biomass power plants from gasification and firing or co-firing technology, then recommend suitable carbon capture technology based on the biomass power plant characteristics in Indonesia. The CO2 emission to be captured in the gasification process is 11-15% of the producer gas, while in co-firing it is 7-24% of the flue gas stream. Using biomass instead of coal in power plants reduces the electric efficiency and increases the plant’s in-house emission, but when analyzed in a wider boundary system it is apparent that the net GWP and CO2 emission of biomass power plants are way smaller than coal power plant, moreover when equipped with carbon capture unit. Biomass power plant that uses firing technology can reduce CO2 emission by 148% compared to typical coal power plant. Installing carbon capture unit in biomass firing power plants can further reduce the specific CO2 emission by 262%. If carbon capture technology is implemented to all existing biomass power plants in Indonesia, it could reduce the greenhouse gas emission up to 2.2 million tonnes CO2 equivalent annually. It is found that there are 3 significant designs for gasification technology: NREL design, Rhodes & Keith design and IGBCC+DeCO2 design. The first two designs are not suitable to be retrofitted into existing biomass power plants in Indonesia since they are based on a specific BCL/FERCO gasifier. While IGBCC+DeCO2 design still needs further study regarding its feasibility. While for firing, the most promising technology to be applied in the near future is solvent-based absorption because it is already on commercial scale for coal-based power plants and can be implemented for other source, e.g. biomass power plant. Bio-CCS in existing biomass power plant with firing technology is likely to be implemented in the near future compared to the gasification, because it applies the post combustion capture as an “end-of-pipe” technology which is generally seen as a more viable option to be retrofitted to existing power plants, resulting in potentially less expensive transition. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2021-02-26 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/99 10.33116/ije.v4i1.99 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2021): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 36-56 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v4i1 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/99/45 Copyright (c) 2021 Zefania Praventia Sutrisno, Attaya Artemis Meiritza, Anggit Raksajati

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/100 2026-05-08T07:20:31Z IJE:ART

Achieving Sustainable Energy Security in Indonesia Through Substitution of Liquefied Petroleum Gas with Dimethyl Ether as Household Fuel Lim, Natasya Felixius, Vincent Weslie, Timotius coal gasification DME energy security LPG sustainability Indonesia has been facing an energy security issue regarding Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) consumption. The rapid increase of LPG consumption and huge import have driven the Indonesian government to develop the alternative for LPG in the household sector. Dimethyl ether (DME) is the well-fit candidate to substitute LPG because of its properties similarities. However, discrepancies in the properties, such as combustion enthalpy and corrosivity, lead to adjustments in the application. Coal is a potential raw material to produce DME, especially in Indonesia, known as the fourth-largest coal producer globally. However, the gasification of coal into DME  brings a problem in its sustainability. To compensate for the emission, co-processing of DME with biomass, especially from agricultural residue, has been discovered. Recently, carbon dioxide (CO2) captured from the gasification process has also been developed as the raw material to produce DME. The utilization of CO2 recycling into DME consists of two approaches, methanol synthesis and dehydration reactions (indirect synthesis) and direct hydrogenation of CO2 to DME (direct synthesis). The reactions are supported by the catalytic activity that strongly depends on the metal dispersion, use of dopants and the support choice. Direct synthesis can increase the efficiency of catalysts used for both methanol synthesis and dehydration. This paper intended to summarize the recent advancements in sustainable DME processing. Moreover, an analysis of DME's impact and feasibility in Indonesia was conducted based on the resources, processes, environmental and economic aspects.   Keywords: coal gasification, DME, energy security, LPG, sustainable Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2021-08-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/100 10.33116/ije.v4i2.100 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 4 No. 2 (2021): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 71-86 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v4i2 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/100/48 Copyright (c) 2021 Natasya Lim, Vincent Felixius, Timotius Weslie

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/101 2026-05-08T07:20:44Z IJE:ART

The Coal Bio-Solubilization Technology for Energy Security Zahara P., Lis Ocktty Permatasari, Cantika Setya Supriyadi, Imam Andreyani, Anggun coal clean coal technology bio-solubilization energy security The petroleum needs as primary energy in Indonesia more increasing, while the petroleum reserves were more depleting so that coal utilization as primary energy is inevitable. Therefore, needed a solution in coal utilization which is environmentally friendly (clean energy) to fulfill the national energy needs. This research is based on the analysis and study of 11 research journals related to coal bio-solubilization technology published in the period 1994 to 2019. The results show that low-rank coal has the potential as the environmentally friendly alternative energy by converting solid coal into liquid phase equivalent to gasoline and diesel which is sulfur and nitrogen-free with bio-solubilization technology. However, this bio-solubilization technology has the disadvantage of the slow coal degradation process into the liquid phase because it only relies on the microorganism’s ability. The application of coal bio-solubilization technology as the alternative energy to support energy security requires genetic engineering and catalyst technology research support to improve the microorganism’s ability to increase the coal degradation rate. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2021-02-26 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/101 10.33116/ije.v4i1.101 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2021): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 1-12 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v4i1 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/101/42 Copyright (c) 2021 Lis Ocktty Zahara P., Cantika Setya Permatasari, Imam Supriyadi, Anggun Andreyani

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/102 2026-05-08T07:20:44Z IJE:ART

Techno-Economic and Feasibility Assessment of Cryogenic Distillation Membrane (CDM) for Purification Natural Gas from CO2 Bachtiar, Agra Y. Annas, Ayyub C. Fajrin, Alifah N. A. Rizwan, Muhammad H. Kartikasari, Indah R. cryogenic distillation membrane natural gas It is estimated that the energy demand in the world at 2050 will increase by 52% relative to 2017. In Indonesia, it was predicted the deficit energy at natural gas sector occurred as much as 17.5 BSCF in 2020 and the deficit will increase to 3,327 BSCF in 2050. Nevertheless, the natural gas that Indonesia produced has impurities of 70% CO2 and 0.6% H2S, while the hydrocarbon only 28.1%, that makes the heating value of natural gas become lower compared to common natural gas. Therefore, the process of separating the impurities of CO2 and H2S from hydrocarbon is needed to increase the heating value and to get pure natural gas. One of alternatives that can solve the problem is Cryogenic Distillation Membrane (CDM). The CDM process integrates the process of cryogenic distillation and cryogenic membrane to separate impurities from hydrocarbon. It has been proven that cryogenic distillation can decrease CO2 concentration from 70% to 3%, and rise up hydrocarbon purity from 70% to 95%. Moreover, cryogenic membrane can increase the purity of natural gas from 95% to 98%. Therefore, CDM process is expected as appropriate process to get rid the impurities and give high purity of natural gas. Based on the calculation through simulation using software ASPEN HYSYS, the CDM process is beneficial because it gives capture rate CO2 up to 99%, decreases the purity CO2 from 70% to 0.001%, reduces the purity H2S from 0.6% to 0.02%, increases natural gas purity from 28.1% to 98%, raises the heating value from 284.5 Btu/SCF to 988.4 Btu/SCF and can generate valuable byproduct CO2 liquid. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2021-02-26 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/102 10.33116/ije.v4i1.102 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2021): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 13-25 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v4i1 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/102/43 https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/102/47 Copyright (c) 2021 Agra Y. Bachtiar, Ayyub C. Annas, Alifah N. A. Fajrin, Muhammad H. Rizwan, Indah R. Kartikasari

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/103 2026-05-08T07:20:44Z IJE:ART

Applying Artificial Neural Network and XGBoost to Improve Data Analytics in Oil and Gas Industry Simanjuntak, Ricky Irawan, Dedy model machine regression The application of machine learning and artificial intelligence is popular nowadays to improve data analytics in the oil and gas industry. A huge amount of data can be processed to gain insights about the subsurface conditions, even reducing time for manual review or interpretation. There are three cases to be discussed in this study that starts from porosity estimation of thin core image using Otsu's thresholding, estimation of oil production rate from sucker-rod pumping wells and sonic travel-time log generation. Two supervised learning algorithms are applied, XGBoost and Keras. These algorithms will capture all possible correlations between the input and output data. From data normalization, exploratory data analysis and model building, the workflow is built on Google Colab. The original dataset is split into training and testing. Tuning hyperparameters such as the number of hidden layers, neurons, activation function, optimizers and learning rates are captured to reduce the complexity of the model. The model is evaluated by error values and the coefficient of determination to estimate the model skill on unseen data. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2021-02-26 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/103 10.33116/ije.v4i1.103 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2021): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 26-35 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v4i1 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/103/44 Copyright (c) 2021 Ricky Simanjuntak, Dedy Irawan

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/110 2026-05-08T07:20:17Z IJE:ART

Energy Storage Applications to Address the Challenges of Solar PV and Wind Penetration in Indonesia: A Preliminary Study Umam, Mukhamad Faeshol Selia, Sesi Sunaryo, Amrullah Farad Al Asy’ari, Muhammad Rizqi renewable energy solar PV off-grid electrification energy storage Indonesia intends to increase the renewable energy ratio to at least 23% from the energy mix generated by 2025. This target is also in line with the Paris Agreement that Indonesia ratified in October 2016. However, renewable energy capacity has not been significant, as 11.38% of the total on-grid power capacity (MEMR, 2021). More than 90% of renewable comes from hydropower and geothermal, and only a limited capacity comes from wind and solar energy. On the other hand, wind and solar energy potential are enormous for energy generation in Indonesia. One of the barriers that hinder the use of both is their intermittent nature so that they are not economically profitable and can disrupt the existing power grid. Energy storage systems (ESS) can reduce this intermittent problem as frequency regulators and voltage support to the grid. This paper reviews the potential and challenges of energy storage and renewable power generation, especially wind and solar power. This paper also outlines lessons learned from energy storage systems that have been implemented and are still under development. The discussion focuses on the types of energy storage suitable for applications in Indonesia. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2022-02-27 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/110 10.33116/ije.v5i1.110 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 5 No. 1 (2022): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 42–65 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v5i1 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/110/57 Copyright (c) 2022 Mukhamad Faeshol Umam, Sesi Selia, Amrullah Farad Sunaryo, Muhammad Rizqi Al Asy’ari

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/113 2026-05-08T07:19:59Z IJE:ART

The Role of Energy Literacy in Supporting Energy Conservation: Perspective from Indonesian Citizens Hendinata, Laurentius Kevin Ardiwinata , Tantri Pratama , Filipus Kevin Tirta Energy Conservation Energy Literacy Education Energy plays a strategic role in human life today. In this case, energy is an interdisciplinary concept from the concepts of science and the environment to global social problems. One aspect of energy development is energy conservation, where efficient and rational use of energy is carried out without reducing energy use performance. To increase public awareness and participation on energy issues, especially those related to energy conservation, it is necessary to increase knowledge about energy in the wider community, one of which is through energy literacy. This is because knowing energy will empower people to make wise decisions and take responsible action regarding energy use. Energy literacy here can be obtained through formal and informal education. This study investigates the condition of energy literacy in Indonesian society in general through a sampling method, and it is found that the level of energy literacy in Indonesian society is on a moderate scale, but it is still not enough to reach the expected level of energy literacy, while the energy literacy level is less. Energy literacy and energy conservation will also be increasingly hampered. Therefore, it is hoped that an increase in education or energy literacy related to formal and non-formal education so that people are more familiar with and apply energy conservation in their daily lives. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2022-08-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/113 10.33116/ije.v5i2.113 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 5 No. 2 (2022): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 105–113 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v5i2 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/113/61 Copyright (c) 2022 Laurentius Kevin Hendinata, Tantri Ardiwinata , Filipus Kevin Tirta Pratama

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/114 2026-05-08T07:20:17Z IJE:ART

Design of Integrated Electrochromic-Photovoltaic Technology for Smart Windows to Improve Building Performance and Energy Efficiency: A Material Approach Hendinata, Laurentius Kevin Fikri, Ahmad Ilham Rokhul Suprapto, Michael Alfano Smart Windows Electrochromic Photovoltaic Energy and climate problems that occur encourage the intensification of energy use efficiency, one of which is in buildings. The building sector is the largest contributor to energy consumption when compared to other sectors due to the need for comfort in life, including to regulate air temperature, ventilation, and artificial lighting. Window innovation as a building component leads to adaptive smart windows technology that has energy saving features. The use of these windows is attractive because they are designed to adapt to changing environmental conditions to minimize large heat losses by adjusting their transmissivity and conductivity. Various types of smart windows have developed, one of which is electrochromic technology as dynamic glass technology which has been widely used as smart windows in commercial buildings. Several studies have shown that its use in buildings has been shown to save energy consumption in buildings through the HVAC and lighting aspects. However, in today's technology, its performance still requires external power to adjust their optical conditions. Therefore, the innovation in developing electrochromic smart windows technology that is integrated with photovoltaic technology is an interesting thing to do. The combination of the electrochromic solution with photovoltaic Si-TFSC placed on a glass substrate provides promising optical performance and energy benefits. The integration of electrochromic and photovoltaic devices provides better efficiency in energy saving, because photovoltaic and electrochromic devices can achieve electrochromic layer discoloration without an external power source. Given the photoelectric and optical modulation properties of electrochromic photovoltaic windows that can function as solar cell modules as well as powered smart windows on their own, this technology has a major advantage in applying sustainable energy to buildings. In its application in buildings, to improve device performance, the control system can be applied by adjusting environmental conditions according to the sensor system readings to obtain better device performance. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2022-02-27 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/114 10.33116/ije.v5i1.114 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 5 No. 1 (2022): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 1–14 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v5i1 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/114/53 Copyright (c) 2022 Laurentius Kevin Hendinata, Ahmad Ilham Rokhul Fikri, Michael Alfano Suprapto

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/119 2026-05-08T07:20:17Z IJE:ART

Reorienting the Principle of Sustainable Development in Investing Policy Utilizing Natural Resources and Energy in Indonesia Nugroho, Wahyu sustainable development natural resources environmental energy investment economic The exploitation of natural resources affects environmental damage and does not comply with environmental licensing. The purpose of this article to find out and understand related to development through investments that can achieve people's welfare, and analyze the reorientation of sustainable development principles in investing by utilizing pro-environment natural resources. This result is reorientation the principle of sustainable development should be done by integrating the activities of the investment policy of natural resources into the economic system and environmental based budget. The conclusions are first, the perspective of the Indonesian government in development through investments isn't directly proportional to the welfare of the people. Current developments tend to the developmental and anthropocentrism paradigms; and secondly, reorientation on the principle of sustainable development since changing the government's perspective on development using an ecocentrism paradigm, and integrating natural resource investment activities into the economic system or environment-based budgets. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2022-02-27 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/119 10.33116/ije.v5i1.119 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 5 No. 1 (2022): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 15–24 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v5i1 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/119/54 Copyright (c) 2022 Wahyu Nugroho

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/120 2026-05-08T07:20:31Z IJE:ART

Heat Quality Enhancement and Carbon Dioxide Emissions Reduction from Coal Burning by Combining Low-Ranked Coal with Biomass Waste as A Clean Energy Solution to Achieve Energy Security in Indonesia Baskoro, Ardian Nugra Taskaya, Farhan Hadi Prajasto, Ignatio Senoaji Jagad Mitro Robby Anggoro Biomass Coal CO2 Emission Co-pyrolysis Hybrid Coal Chemical Engineering Indonesia is the fifth largest coal producer in the world with coal reserves reaching 39.56 billion tonnes. Coal reserves of medium and high quality are expected to be exhausted in 2048, therefore it is necessary to utilize low-ranked coals. Low-ranked coals have a low heating value (<5,100 kcal/kg) and produce greater CO2 emissions compared to medium and high rank coals. One method to increase heating value and reduce CO2 emissions from low-ranked coals is through the Utilization of hybrid coal. Hybrid coal is low quality coal combined with biomass waste and has undergone a pyrolysis process together. The mixing and co-pyrolysis of low-ranked coal with biomass waste such as rice husk, empty palm fruit bunches, and rubber wood with a ratio of 7:3 is known to be able to increase the final product calorific value by 31.10–44.12% and reduce non-neutral CO2 emissions by 15.56–21.31%. The hybrid coal production process is highly prospective to be implemented in Indonesia, especially in Central Java, South Sumatra and South Kalimantan. The payback period from the hybrid coal industry with a production capacity range of 540 thousand to 4.5 million TPY can be achieved in 10–13 years with a net profit range of IDR 137 billion to IDR 493 billion per year and a net present value range of IDR 285 billion to IDR 1.1 trillion. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2021-08-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/120 10.33116/ije.v4i2.120 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 4 No. 2 (2021): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 115-128 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v4i2 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/120/51 Copyright (c) 2021 Ardian Nugra Baskoro, Farhan Hadi Taskaya, Ignatio Senoaji Jagad Mitro Prajasto, Robby Anggoro

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/122 2026-05-08T07:20:31Z IJE:ART

Decomposition of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emissions in ASEAN Based on Kaya Identity Khusna, Vivid Amalia Kusumawardani, Deni CO2 emissions, kaya identity, ASEAN, decomposition, LMDI ASEAN is a region with high carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, accompanied by an increase in population, gross domestic product (GDP) and energy consumption. Population, GDP, and energy consumption can be linked to CO2 emissions through an identity equation called the Rich Identity. This research is based on Kaya identity to describe CO2 emissions to calculate the impact of population, economic activity, energy intensity and carbon intensity on CO2 emissions in ASEAN and 8 ASEAN countries (i.e., Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Philippines, Vietnam, Myanmar and Brunei Darussalam) from 1990 to 2017. The method used is the Logarithmic Mean Division Index (LMDI). The data used are from the International Energy Agency (IEA) and the World Bank. Four effects measured and main findings showed that population, economic activity and carbon intensity factor increased by 293.02 MtCO2, 790.0 MtCO2, and 195.51 MtCO2, respectively. Meanwhile, energy intensity effect made ASEAN's CO2 emissions decrease by 283.13 MtCO2. Regarding contributions to the increase in CO2 emissions in all ASEAN countries, the population effect increases CO2 emissions in all countries in ASEAN and the economic activity effect is also the same, except in Brunei Darussalam which makes CO2 emissions in this country decreased by 1.07 MtCO2. Meanwhile, the effects of energy and carbon intensity are different. The effect of energy intensity causes CO2 emissions in lower-middle income countries to decrease, while in upper-middle and high-income countries, it increases carbon emissions. In contrast to the effect of carbon intensity, that actually makes CO2 emissions increase in lower-middle income countries and reduces carbon emissions in upper-middle and high-income countries. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2021-08-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/122 10.33116/ije.v4i2.122 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 4 No. 2 (2021): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 101-114 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v4i2 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/122/50 Copyright (c) 2021 Vivid Amalia Khusna, Deni Kusumawardani

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/123 2026-05-08T07:20:31Z IJE:ART

An Overview of Indonesian Renewable Energy Studies and Its Investment Opportunities Boediman, Alfred Rahadi, Raden Aswin Nugraha, Bagus Aditya renewable energy investment opportunities emerging country Indonesia By conducting a synthesis review of recent literature, this study aims to provide a comprehensive conceptual model for acknowledging factors determining private investment in the renewable energy sector within an emerging country, Indonesia. The synthesis and thus guides stakeholders to encourage investment from the private sector in renewable energy development. From this study, the authors summarized all factors studied arguably influential in affecting the private sector to invest as a source of development funding and presenting several key indicators of renewable energy investment opportunities in Indonesia. The factors that influence the development of the energy sector include policies related to human capital, environmental protection and energy efficiency. Therefore, this study should serve as the baseline for future advanced studies.   Keywords: renewable energy, investment opportunities, emerging country, Indonesia Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2021-08-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/123 10.33116/ije.v4i2.123 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 4 No. 2 (2021): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 87-100 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v4i2 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/123/49 Copyright (c) 2021 Alfred Boediman, Raden Aswin Rahadi, Bagus Aditya Nugraha

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/125 2026-05-08T07:20:31Z IJE:ART

Assessing the Implementation of the Energy Management System in the First ISO 50001 Building in Indonesia Kurniawan, Robi Feinnudin, Agung energy efficiency, energy management system, building sector, ISO 50001, energy security This study focuses on the public building in Indonesia that has implemented an energy management system compliant with ISO 50001 standard. The main objectives of this study are to review the implementation of the energy management system in the building, highlighting the main aspect of the ISO cycle deployment and key lessons learned for further dissemination. We performed the study of the implementation of energy management in the building sector based on the ISO 50001 framework that aims to enhance an organization to pursue the continuous improvement of energy management with a systematic approach. Implementing the plan, do, check and act cycle of the ISO’s framework, it is found that the management keeps a strong commitment to continuous improvement. As part of the energy management system cycle, an Investment Grade Audit (IGA) was performed in 2018. Implementing the IGA recommendation, both passive and active designs have been applied in the Slamet Bratanata building. Active design strategies that have been implemented include building automation system utilization, chiller and lighting replacement and Energy Monitoring System (EMonS) application. Implemented passive designs include windows film installation and an efficient room redesigned for optimizing natural light. To implement the ISO 50001 Energy Management System in the building, the energy management team has also held various activities. It includes developing Standard Operating Procedures, appointing a Person in Charge on each floor, conducting capacity building and performing an energy efficiency campaign. It is estimated that the energy management system has succeeded in reducing energy consumption by 613.188 kWh (in 2018–2020) and the Energy Efficiency Index by 129.06 kWh/m2/year in 2020. Furthermore, management energy implementation also reduced greenhouse gas emissions by 539.60 tons of CO2 equivalent. This study provides a reference for energy management in another building for improving its energy performance. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2021-08-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/125 10.33116/ije.v4i2.125 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 4 No. 2 (2021): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 129-139 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v4i2 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/125/52 Copyright (c) 2021 Robi Kurniawan, Agung Feinnudin

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/126 2026-05-08T07:20:17Z IJE:ART

Indonesia’s Energy Relations with the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries: Drivers and Progress Rakhmat, Zulfikar Pashya, M Habib Indonesia the Gulf Energy the GCC the Gulf Cooperation Council Located on opposite ends of Asia, Indonesia and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) member states have developed dense and multifaceted relations in recent years. Trade and economic relations have been foundational in developing these ties, with energy playing an important role. Energy has long been at the heart of Indonesia-GCC trade. The relations have expanded from traditional energy such as oil and gas to renewable energy. This article examines the progress of Indonesia-GCC relations, particularly in the energy field. It looks at the major past and present developments in the energy cooperation between Indonesia and the Gulf countries, including exports, imports, as well as investments. In doing so, the paper also examines the drivers behind the growing cooperation. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2022-02-27 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/126 10.33116/ije.v5i1.126 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 5 No. 1 (2022): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 25–32 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v5i1 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/126/55 Copyright (c) 2022 Zulfikar Rakhmat, M Habib Pashya

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/131 2026-05-08T07:19:59Z IJE:ART

Integrated Wastewater and Waste Heat Recovery System in Coal-Fired Power Plants Using Reverse Osmosis to Produce Clean Water and Increase Thermal Efficiency Brilian, Vincentius Adven Aulia, Sasa Octaviani, Farah Khalfani, Thariq Arian coal-fired power plant reverse osmosis waste heat recovery wastewater recovery Indonesian electricity supply is still dominated by coal-fired power plants (CPP) by more than 50%. Water consumption for CPP in Indonesia reaches 222 million kL/year. Meanwhile, 10% of Indonesia's population is predicted to experience a clean water crisis in 2045. Most of the water consumed by CPP will be disposed of as wastewater, such as cooling tower blowdown and boiler blowdown. Boiler blowdown temperature is still relatively high. Thus, it wastes a high-quality of energy. Therefore, these conditions open the opportunity for innovations in improving clean water supply and increasing CPP’s thermal efficiency. In this research, a novel system that integrates wastewater recovery and waste heat recovery in CPP using reverse osmosis is proposed to produce clean water while increasing the CPP’s thermal efficiency. In this system, the boiler blowdown is streamed to a heat exchanger as the feedwater preheater. Then, the boiler blowdown flows to a Pelton turbine to generate electricity. The boiler blowdown will then be mixed with the cooling tower blowdown and streamed to a reverse osmosis system to produce clean water. The brine is converted by an electrolyzer into NaClO and H2. Thermodynamic and economic analyses are performed to assess the proposed system’s technical and economic feasibility. Based on the thermodynamic analysis calculation using the Engineering Equation Solver, the system is able to produce 162 kL/hr of clean water and the thermal efficiency of the coal-fired power plant increases by 0.4%. The economic analysis showed that the additional system is feasible with a payback period of 4.9 years. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2022-08-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/131 10.33116/ije.v5i2.131 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 5 No. 2 (2022): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 66–79 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v5i2 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/131/58 Copyright (c) 2022 Vincentius Adven Brilian, Sasa Aulia, Farah Octaviani, Thariq Arian Khalfani

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/132 2026-05-08T07:20:17Z IJE:ART

Developing Innovative Financing Scheme for Leveraging Energy Efficiency Deployment in Indonesia Kurniawan, Robi Kurniawan, Irwan Wahyu financial blending energy efficiency Indonesia Environment Fund sustainable energy transition energy security Having great potential, a mechanism that can leverage private involvement in energy efficiency deployment should be developed in emerging markets such as Indonesia. This study aimed to formulate an implementable financial innovative scheme for leveraging energy efficiency deployment in the country. Scrutinizing relevant studies and interviewing relevant stakeholders such as the Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Energy and the Financial Institution, we formulated a blended financial scheme for an energy efficiency project. Main stakeholders will include the scheme, including fund facilitator, trustee, custodian bank and energy user/energy service company. In our proposed scheme, Indonesia Environment Fund (IEF) is obtained the fund from the fund facilitator. IEF will act as a trustee that delivers funds for the Custodian Bank. The bank will disburse the fund to the feasible energy efficiency project or through an energy service company. In this scheme, since banks get lower interest rate funds from the trustee, they will disburse the fund to the customer with a lower interest rate than a commercial rate. Consumers utilize the fund for their energy efficiency projects. Utilizing a proposed scheme to an energy efficiency project case study, it is found that the proposed scheme potentially reduces the interest rate and leverages the project viability in a certain condition. Doing the sensitivity analysis by comparing interest rate and IRR (Internal Rate of Return) in several loan periods, we found that the shorter period of the loan and lower interest rate can improve projects feasibility. For instance, simulating a 5-year loan, it is found that reducing the interest rate from 12% to 7% could improve up to 2% IRR of the project case. Therefore, the scheme can catalyze private-sector investments mobilization for energy efficiency deployment in the country. Furthermore, it can support the country's energy security enhancement. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2022-02-27 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/132 10.33116/ije.v5i1.132 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 5 No. 1 (2022): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 33 – 41 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v5i1 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/132/56 Copyright (c) 2022 Robi Kurniawan, Irwan Wahyu Kurniawan

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/138 2026-05-08T07:19:59Z IJE:ART

A Critical Analysis of China’s Role in Global Energy Governance as a Strategy for Energy Security and Seeking Hegemony Hawkins, Diemas Sukma Sari, Nirmala Chaerunnisa, Indah Kuraini, Farahdiba Energy Governance China Energy Security Belt and Road Initiative In the turn of the twenty-first, China has grown to become the largest energy consumer in the world, the largest energy producer globally and has risen to prominence as one of the leaders in the development of alternative and renewable energy sources. This has granted China the status as a leader in global energy governance. But while China has actively participated in international energy markets as a massive competition, this has also been juxtaposed with an odd reluctance to ambitiously participate in global energy regimes. However, under President Xi Jinping this has changed, and China has become more and more dominant in the global energy sector; not just in the market but now in its governance. From its inclusion in international energy institutions to its role in energy development in the Belt and Road Initiative, BRICS and New Development Bank; we can now see how China has expanded its dominance in the energy sector. By using qualitative methods, this paper critically analyses China’s strive to become a global hegemony via dominance in the energy development sector, both as a tool for its energy security as well as to hold geopolitical control over developing nations that rely on China for their energy needs. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2022-08-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/138 10.33116/ije.v5i2.138 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 5 No. 2 (2022): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 80–95 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v5i2 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/138/59 Copyright (c) 2022 Diemas Sukma Hawkins, Nirmala Sari, Indah Chaerunnisa, Farahdiba Kuraini

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/139 2026-05-08T07:19:46Z IJE:ART

The Securitization of Energy Issues from The Perspective of Security Studies Ramadhan, Iqbal Energy security, security studies, securitization, threats. International Relations Security studies debated the phenomenon of "high politics," such as politics and the military, at the outset of their development. As the study's object, it discusses the arms race, nuclear war, and political coups. Following the end of the Cold War, the economic, social, and environmental sectors became subjects of study in security studies. Not only that, but security studies also address issues that are frequently overlooked, such as energy issues. This is undeniably one of the most pressing issues in security studies today. The energy issue discusses how the country's foreign policy efforts will be carried out in order to avoid the threat of domestic energy scarcity. The inclusion of energy issues in security studies does not happen overnight. Through this scientific article, the author intends to examine how energy issues can become part of security issues. The author employs the concept of securitization to examine the securitization of energy issues from the standpoint of a security study. The author used a qualitative method in this study, with secondary data collection (journals and archive documents) as part of the data collection technique. The discussion of this scientific article has resulted in the securitization of energy issues being divided into three stages. Non-securitization, politicization, and securitization are the stages. Energy issues are not considered security issues during the non-securitization stage. When the energy issue becomes politicized, it poses a real threat that the government must address. Meanwhile, security issues have defined threats in the securitization stage. However, this securitization process will only take place if the audience accepts the threat and the state takes responsibility for mitigation efforts. The author comes to the conclusion that the securitization of energy issues is mutual between the state and the audience (society). Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2023-02-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/139 10.33116/ije.v6i1.139 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 6 No. 1 (2023): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 1–13 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v6i1 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/139/63 Copyright (c) 2023 Iqbal Ramadhan

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/146 2026-05-08T07:19:59Z IJE:ART

Fostering Energy Efficiency Through Street Lighting System Improvement: A Case Study of City-Level in Indonesia Kurniawan, Irwan Wahyu Kurniawan, Robi street lighting energy efficiency city-level energy consumption techno-economy analysis a light-emitting diode Street lighting can be considered the main energy consumer and greenhouse gas emitter at Indonesia's city level. In addition, public street lighting systems throughout Indonesia still use inefficient technologies, resulting in a significant portion of a municipality’s operating expenditure. We conduct techno-economy analysis and formulate financing mechanisms to support energy efficiency improvements on street lighting systems. In doing so, a pilot case based on a survey in one of the provincial capitals in Kalimantan is performed. From the survey, it is found that around half of the street lighting systems in the observed city are unmetered, dominated by CFL (Compact Fluorescent Lamp) lamps. Efficiency through street lighting system improvement can be achieved through, among others, replacement with a highly efficient light-emitting diode (LED) lamp, power meters installation and the replacement of high-efficiency armatures. Our analysis shows that energy consumption reduction potential from street light system improvements can reach 69% from existing conditions. In the showcase, it can save 9,466,465 kWh, equal to energy costs of IDR 13,676,202,724 and a 7,667-ton emission reduction. From the analysis, we also delivered a financial scheme for the project that incorporated local government and special mission vehicles under the coordination of the Ministry of Finance. Having great potential, a financing support mechanism can become a reference to another local government with a limited budget constraint. These findings can also provide policymakers with important inputs while improving street lighting systems as a key service provided by local and municipal governments. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2022-08-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/146 10.33116/ije.v5i2.146 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 5 No. 2 (2022): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 96–104 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v5i2 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/146/60 Copyright (c) 2022 Irwan Wahyu Kurniawan, Robi Kurniawan

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/147 2026-05-08T07:19:46Z IJE:ART

Striving for Energy Security: South Korea's Internal and External Energy Policy After the Fukushima Tragedy Putri, Ardila Lili Natalia, Vini Energy Policy South Korea Nuclear Allergy Energy Security Energy policy This paper analyzes South Korea's energy policy after the Fukushima disaster. The policy is seen from two dimensions, namely internal policies and external policies. The variable used in viewing the policy is through the framework described by Duffield. According to Duffield, internal policy responses can be seen from emergency preparations and reducing dependencies on foreign energy sources. In contrast, external policy response can be seen through policy toward energy-producing and transit countries, also other energy-consuming and importing countries. This research is qualitative with descriptive analytics. The study found that South Korea took several energy policies related to its domestic politics to reduce its dependence on energy imports. At the same time, for the external responses, South Korea intends to diversify its cooperation with the energy-exporting countries and continues to encourage international cooperation among the importing countries. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2023-02-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/147 10.33116/ije.v6i1.147 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 6 No. 1 (2023): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 14–29 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v6i1 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/147/64 Copyright (c) 2023 Ardila Putri, Vini Lili Natalia

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/150 2026-05-08T07:19:46Z IJE:ART

The Potential of Sukadana Basalt Province as a New Geothermal Resources in The Back Arc of Sumatra: A New Insight from Petrology and Geochemistry Siringoringo, Luhut Sipayung, Candra Sadaperarih Sukadana basalt Lampung renewable energy mantle plume back arc Geothermal resources are currently obtained from areas within volcanic arcs, such as the Pertamina Ulu Belu and Supreme Energy Rajabasa Geothermal Fields. However, this understanding may change in the future, as the Quaternary Sukadana Basalt Province (SBP), located in the back arc, is believed to have potential as a future geothermal energy resource. This research aims to explore the various factors that contribute to the high heat flow in the SBP region and generate a new perspective on geothermal energy particularly in the Lampung province. The methods used integrate previous research findings, such as heat flow data, regional tectonics, and geological structures, with new petrography-whole rock geochemistry. The whole rock geochemistry was determined using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES), and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The SBP was formed by the Paleogene northwest-southeast striking fault and influenced by the Quaternary northeast-southwest striking fault, which may serve as conduits for hydrothermal fluid in addition to their vesicular structures. Geochemical analysis suggests the presence of both mantle plume and subduction-related processes. The magmatism linked to subduction-plume tectonic mechanisms and the thinning of the crust due to pull-apart motion caused by the movement of two large faults (Sumatra Fault Zone and Bangka Shear) can increase regional heat flow to 100±10 mW/m2. As a result, the SBP has significant potential as a source of geothermal energy for electricity generation in the future. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2023-02-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/150 10.33116/ije.v6i1.150 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 6 No. 1 (2023): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 60–71 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v6i1 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/150/67 Copyright (c) 2023 Luhut Siringoringo, Candra Sadaperarih Sipayung

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/151 2026-05-08T07:19:59Z IJE:ART

Integrated Solar Energy Application System Development to Catalyze Public Participation Towards Bali Clean Energy Through Crowd-Based Business Models Arifin, Sadiid Firdaus S. A., Al Hilal Putri, Azarine Raina Erwita crowd-based information system PLTS Atap public participation Through the Minister of ESDM K/20/MEM/2015 and Bali Governor Regulation No. 45/2019, Bali is designated as a clean energy area and has the advanced implementation of the energy transition towards renewable energy to attain SDG 7 "Affordable and Clean Energy." One of the main intensified directions is the development of solar rooftop energy. However, its development has encountered obstacles that hinder the operation's sustainability. Constraints include financing and community participation. This paper aims to provide solutions to catalyze public participation (especially in youth) for energy transition through the Crowd-Based Business Model, especially for Rooftop Solar Energy Power Plant or PLTS Atap. An integrated information system in the application that can increase investor interest in renewable energy, especially PLTS Atap, could be the answer. This Study uses data from literature studies and will be processed through qualitative content analysis, business model canvas, system design/flow analysis and SWOT analysis. This research will produce an application that is expected to be able to (1) understand the potential, benefits and considerations in using renewable energy, especially solar energy, by installing PLTS Atap in Indonesia (2) inform about financing schemes for installing and using PLTS Atap as a source of electricity generation on a corporate industrial and commercial scale (3) explain investment alternatives using crowdfunding and crowd sale with a certain level of profit that supports environmental values and renewable energy. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2022-08-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/151 10.33116/ije.v5i2.151 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 5 No. 2 (2022): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 114–129 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v5i2 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/151/62 Copyright (c) 2022 Sadiid Arifin, Al Hilal Firdaus S. A., Azarine Raina Erwita Putri

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/153 2026-05-08T07:19:46Z IJE:ART

Integration of Clustering System and Joint Venture Business Model for CCUS Deployment: A Case Study in South Sumatra Region Prajna Indrasuta, Martinus Bhima Hutagalung, Adryan Samuel Putra, Saeful Ghofar Zamianie Saga, Radista Rizky, Aurellia Anindita Joint venture clustering CCUS South Sumatra Talang Jimar Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) have been a 'buzzword' for the past two years, especially in Indonesia, a developing country committed to achieving net-zero emissions. However, 43% of global CCUS projects were still terminated or put on hold, mainly driven by economic inability and public acceptance. Therefore, a suitable business model and clustering system must be proposed to make carbon sequestration projects economically attractive in Indonesia. Under the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) assessment collaborating with the previous study conducted by Center of Excellence ITB and Lemigas, clustering systems can be deployed in three regions: South Sumatra, West Java, and East Kalimantan. The selected CO2 sources consist of various industrial sectors surrounding the fields, aiming to facilitate the source's matching process to the possible sink. Thus, it is obtained that the Talang Jimar field (South Sumatra) becomes the highest priority and the most probable sink point with 0.584 GtCO2 storage and an annual sink capacity of 0.0292 GtCO2 for 20 years storage period. Integrating CCUS deployment in Talang Jimar with a clustering system and advanced capturing technology seriously adds commercial value to the project. A carbonate fuel cell is the proposed capturing technology for coal power plants, with expected CO2 capture efficiency by 90% and reduced electricity cost by 33%. These developing technologies and clustering systems are forcing companies to find more efficient business models to compete in the carbon market. In this study, a joint venture scheme is applied to specify the CO2 value chain in this project and to cover the capturing and transportation cost through the joint-stock cooperative system, under sharing percentage assumptions of 40% for the capturing company, 30% for storage, and 30% for transport. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2023-02-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/153 10.33116/ije.v6i1.153 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 6 No. 1 (2023): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 30–47 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v6i1 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/153/65 Copyright (c) 2023 Martinus Bhima Prajna Indrasuta, Adryan Samuel Hutagalung, Saeful Ghofar Zamianie Putra, Radista Saga, Aurellia Anindita Rizky

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/158 2026-05-08T07:19:46Z IJE:ART

Scenario Insight of Energy Transition: A Lesson Learned from European Union to Indonesia Soemanto, Ariana Koestoer, Raldi Hendro T. Energy Transition Renewable Energy Climate Change European Union Indonesia Almost all countries committed to tackling climate change as agreed in the Paris Agreement in 2015. In developed countries, the European Union (EU) issued the European Green Deal (EGD) with a target of 55% emissions reductions by 2030 and net zero emissions by 2050. Among developing countries, Indonesia has similar targets, which are 29% to 41% emission reductions by 2030 and net zero emissions by 2060 or sooner. EU countries and Indonesia also aim to implement energy transitions by increasing renewable energy shares, especially in the electricity sector, to reduce their emissions. Nevertheless, the EU countries have state-of-art research related to technologies and clean energy policies, allowing the EU as the first continent to commit to net-zero emissions by 2050. Our study aims to take lessons from recommendations in EGD and analyze their fitness for implementation in Indonesia. The research was conducted through a qualitative approach using secondary information and relevant references. We found that almost all recommendations for the energy transition in the EU electricity sector are relevant to Indonesia, except nuclear power plants and electricity tariff policies. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2023-02-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/158 10.33116/ije.v6i1.158 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 6 No. 1 (2023): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 48–59 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v6i1 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/158/66 Copyright (c) 2023 Ariana Soemanto

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/159 2026-05-08T07:19:31Z IJE:ART

Application of Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU) in Oil and Gas Industry to Produce Microalgae-Based Biofuels with Solvent-Captured Method Ramadhan, Darwin Riyan Nadia, Asma Rahmah, Alfira Maulidyah CCU Solvent Biofuels Microalgae The production process in the oil and gas industry, which is a major demand, still plays a huge role in carbon emissions, especially in the refining process. The energy and industrial sectors are responsible for more than 75% of these global CO2 emissions. This condition is an important issue regarding the effort to reduce climate change due to these emissions by implementing CCU. This article aims to examine methods of carbon capture with chemical absorption by solvents and to compose a model diagram of carbon utilization with microalgae. An extensive literature search was conducted in accordance with the scoping review methodology and the PEO framework. Our search criteria were limited to article research within the last 5 years (2017–2021). Themes found from this review included the CCU method in general, carbon capture by solvent method, type of solvent used, advantages and disadvantages, and utilization of carbon in the gas and oil industries. CCU is a model that can be offered as an alternative to reduce CO2 emissions produced by industry. The scoping review result shows the best method for carbon capture is with monoethanolamine (MEA) solvent. The flue gas from post-combustion streams into the absorption column and the solvent is added. The carbon-rich solvent is regenerated by heat to produce a clean solvent to be reused in the capture cycle. Carbon that has been absorbed by the MEA in the form of gas will be channeled through pipes to the microalgae industry as utilization of captured carbon and then converted to biofuels. It was discovered that MEA is a cost-effective solvent, efficiently captures carbon, and can be used repeatedly. However, the amine emissions from MEA are considered hazardous. The conclusion is that MEA solvent has advantages and disadvantages. Further optimization research is needed to determine the preeminent capture and separation process. Thus, it is necessary to determine the best conditions for the use of captured carbon by microalgae. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2023-08-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/159 10.33116/ije.v6i2.159 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 6 No. 2 (2023): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 103-111 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v6i2 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/159/70 Copyright (c) 2023 Darwin Riyan Ramadhan, Asma Nadia, Alfira Maulidyah Rahmah

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/163 2026-05-08T07:19:31Z IJE:ART

Solar Enhanced Oil Recovery as the Solution to Enhance Oil and Gas Production for Mature Fields in Indonesia Shafa Alifia Salsabila Monika Putri Maharani Ariyanti Putri Joestiawan Solar EOR Natural Gas Oil Basalt Steam ASC CSP Indonesia has a target of reducing 29% of GHG emissions by 2030 (NDC, 2022), reaching net-zero emissions in 2060 (LTS-LCCR, 2021), and obtaining 1 million BOPD oil production and 12 BSCFD gas production in 2030. Oil and gas companies have particular challenges to achieve the target in line with paying attention to national energy security despite the oil reserve and production declining since 1995 because of the maturity of the fields. In such a case, the enormous amount of remaining oil in place left by the primary and secondary production stages has led to the EOR method as the best way to improve oil production. In Indonesia's mature fields with specific reservoir conditions, steamflooding is currently a highly effective EOR method to increase oil production by 20–300% and reduce viscosity by up to 98%. However, the production of steam in huge quantities conventionally would require vast amounts of fossil fuel resources. Hence, replacing fossil fuel-derived steam with solar-derived steam would solve the twin problems of energy scarcity and greenhouse gas emissions. Solar EOR is a viable alternative to gas-fired steam production for the oil industry by using the sun's energy to generate steam. For designing the long-term Solar EOR, Ayman Solar Concentrator (ASC) technology on low-cost solar thermal energy storage will generate high-temperature steam for 24 hours all day by enabling the system to achieve higher temperatures with less mirror surface. The evaluation of annual energy output from the solar project's design could save more than 8,672,400 MMBTU/year of natural gas and cut the environmental footprint up to 1200 metric tonnes per day of net CO2 so that natural gas can be sold and allocated to various sectors. Furthermore, the economic analysis shows that solar EOR has the lowest operational. This technology's novelty is its low cost and ability to generate steam to supply it upon demand in Indonesia's ongoing steamflood project. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2023-08-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/163 10.33116/ije.v6i2.163 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 6 No. 2 (2023): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 86-102 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v6i2 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/163/69 Copyright (c) 2023 Shafa Alifia Salsabila, Monika Putri Maharani, Ariyanti Putri Joestiawan

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/172 2026-05-08T07:19:31Z IJE:ART

China’s Energy Diplomacy to Coal Imports from Indonesia After Restricting Coal Import from Australia in 2019 Manullang, Gistyger Hasudungan ISNARTI, RIKA Energy Diplomacy China Indonesia Coal International Relations Abstract. This study aims to analyze China's energy diplomacy regarding coal imports from Indonesia after restricting coal imports from Australia in 2019. After China limits coal imports from Australia in 2019, the supply of Chinese coal imports will decrease. This makes China need to increase its coal imports from other countries, one of which is Indonesia. Indonesia is one of the largest coal-exporting countries in the world. This can be used by China to meet its coal import needs. The author uses three indicators of Wang & Xu's energy diplomacy, namely dialogue between countries related to energy, government involvement in energy partnerships, and public energy diplomacy activities. The author uses qualitative research methods and internet-based research as data collection techniques. The findings in this study are: First, the dialogue between China and Indonesia, namely the meeting on 10 April 2019, the cooperation agreement on 24 May 2019 and 25 November 2020. Second, the Chinese government was involved in carrying out a cooperation agreement with Indonesia. Third, two Chinese non-state actors, namely CNCA and CCTDA. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2023-08-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/172 10.33116/ije.v6i2.172 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 6 No. 2 (2023): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 72-85 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v6i2 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/172/68 Copyright (c) 2023 Gistyger Hasudungan Manullang, RIKA ISNARTI

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/174 2026-05-08T07:19:31Z IJE:ART

Geospatial Visualization for Second-Generation Renewable Diesel Feedstock from Palm Oil Value Chain Bangun, Yori Azkarama, Fadhil Adriel, Raymond second-generation biofuels palm oil value chain renewable diesel geospatial visualization Biofuel Feedstock Indonesia Second-Generation biofuels Palm Oil Value Chain The demand for biofuels has begun to shift from first-generation biofuels to second-generation biofuels. One of the biofuels already planned in the government’s roadmap is renewable diesel from the hydrotreatment of palm oil. By 2040, the share of renewable diesel is projected to reach 1.4 million kL per year, contributing to 9% of the biofuel blend program. As the world’s largest palm oil producer and consumer, Indonesia has the opportunity to achieve a circular economy in the palm oil value chain by utilizing its waste and byproducts for biofuel production. However, there is a lack of a top-down perspective to assess second-generation renewable diesel potential from the palm oil sector in Indonesia. This study is intended to fill such gap by providing practical and comprehensive tools to develop the roadmap for second-generation renewable diesel in Indonesia, comprising of a conversion diagram and geospatial visualization method. Based on the results of this study, there are around 1,200 points of source (palm oil mills, refineries, and others) for palm oil-based waste in Indonesia with an approximate total of 1.4 million kL per year renewable diesel production capacity potential. Applicable waste-based feedstock from upstream and midstream palm oil sectors are palm oil mill effluent (POME) oil, spent bleaching earth oil (SBEO), and palm fatty acid distillates (PFAD). These are concentrated in the regions of Sumatra, Kalimantan, and Java to a lesser extent. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2023-08-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/174 10.33116/ije.v6i2.174 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 6 No. 2 (2023): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 131-145 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v6i2 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/174/73 Copyright (c) 2023 Yori Bangun, Fadhil Azkarama, Raymond Adriel

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/176 2026-05-08T07:19:31Z IJE:ART

Evolving Well Stimulation Optimization Tool with OliFANT: A Pilot Machine Learning Project to Boost National Oil and Gas Production Utaman, Williams Gabriella, Indira Frida Kitra, Seraphine Jeanetra Digitalization Geostatistical Approach Machine Learning Production Rate Well Stimulation In Indonesia, for a half decade, the decrease of oil and gas production from 2016 is 4.23% and 3.53% respectively (ESDM, 2021). This production decrease has a domino effect on the investment loss. According to the International Trade Administration, investment in Indonesia’s oil and gas industry in 2019 reached around US$ 12 billion, which was decreasing from around US$ 16 billion in 2016. Such loss is a serious disaster, thus applying digital transformation such as machine learning to the most-used method, well stimulation, is immediately needed. Unfortunately, the implemented well stimulations nowadays are prone to short-lived effects due to the unreliable selection methods, as they do not have any integrated database. This research, as the pilot project, focuses on field data collected in West Indonesia from sandstone and carbonate lithologies, and the type of stimulation used is acidizing. This tool, OliFANT, defines the success of stimulation based on the productivity index before and after stimulation. The method uses geostatistical approaches and optimizing decline curve analysis for analysing and modelling spatially correlated data. The accuracy of the model is validated at a minimum of 75%, which shows its high reliability. It can also forecast the duration effect of the stimulation, additionally it provides the estimation of profit scenarios. The proposed machine learning model adopts an empirical working principle by utilizing reservoir parameters and test data of stimulation, which are inputted into a user-friendly interface after filling in a comprehensive database. In conclusion, the main benefits of using this tool are cutting evaluation time and achieving higher cost-efficiency. This software can be continuously improved by adding more data to widen the variety of the methods. Considering that each field has different types of properties, this tool is built to be adaptable to every reservoir condition. Over and above that, this tool can be implemented for other stimulated wells and be modified for other methods and operations, such as drilling and workover. In the future, it can be a one-stop solution for stimulation plan validation, where data-driven solutions pave the way for success. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2023-08-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/176 10.33116/ije.v6i2.176 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 6 No. 2 (2023): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 112-130 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v6i2 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/176/71 Copyright (c) 2023 Williams Utaman, Indira Frida Gabriella, Seraphine Jeanetra Kitra

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/186 2026-05-08T07:19:18Z IJE:ART

Estimations of the Geothermal Energy Potential in The Mount Anak Krakatau Region Based on Derivative Analysis and 3D Model of Gravitational Satellite Data Gunawan, Belista Permana, Nanda Ridki derivative analysis geothermal gravity inversion Mount Anak Krakatau Geothermal energy is a source of renewable energy that has the potential to be produced, considering that Indonesia is in the ring of fire, where there are many volcanoes, one of which is Mount Anak Krakatau. Even though direct exploration is not permitted, at least information on the geothermal system on the mountain can still be obtained using satellite data. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the geothermal energy potential of Mount Anak Krakatau using gravity satellite data with a total of 320 data consisting of gravity disturbance, geoid, and Digital Elevation Model. The data processing describes a 3D model that is correlated with the First Horizontal Derivative (FHD) and Second Vertical Derivative (SVD) analysis. Based on the results of the residual anomaly map analysis, the low anomaly has a value of -1.85–(-0.89) mGal which is suspected to be associated with magma pockets, and the high anomaly ranges from 0.04–2.13 mGal which is suspected to be associated with the caldera of Mount Anak Krakatau. Based on the results of the FHD and SVD graphical analysis, there are 18 faults that control the geothermal system. Based on the results of 3D modeling trending from west-east it can be seen that there is a clay cap layer with a value density 2.32–2.37 gr/cc at depths of 0–550 m and reservoir layers with density values of 2.23–2.29 gr/cc at depths of 500–1100 m. This geothermal research using the gravity method can be developed and become a reference for future research to calculate the potential for electrification in a research area. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2024-02-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/186 10.33116/ije.v7i1.186 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 7 No. 1 (2024): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 43-57 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v7i1 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/186/77 Copyright (c) 2024 Belista Gunawan, Nanda Ridki Permana

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/187 2026-05-08T07:19:03Z IJE:ART

Opportunities and Challenges of Implementing Kinetic Façade Typology in Indonesia Dharmatanna, Stephanus Wirawan Wulandari , Rani Y Salam, Ismail kinetic facade wind energy green buildings energy conservation stakeholder survey The application of kinetic facade technology is gaining popularity worldwide as an innovative solution to enhance the environmental quality of buildings. However, in Indonesia, the implementation of kinetic facades remains limited and requires further in-depth study. Thus, our research aims to fill this gap by exploring the opportunities and challenges of implementing kinetic facade typologies in Indonesia. The research method involves a literature review and descriptive analysis. We collect data on the use of kinetic facades globally, analyze the factors influencing their implementation, and identify the opportunities and challenges encountered. The analysis results are expected to provide a better understanding of the implementation of kinetic facades in Indonesia. The identified opportunities include the potential to improve energy efficiency, reduce carbon emissions, and enhance the interior and exterior environmental quality of buildings. The challenges identified may encompass technical aspects, regulations, financial issues, as well as market awareness and acceptance of this new technology. Our study contributes a foundation for further development of kinetic facades in Indonesia. With a better understanding of the opportunities and challenges, architecture practitioners, engineers, and policymakers can take appropriate steps to address the challenges and capitalize on the opportunities to integrate kinetic facades into building designs in Indonesia, promoting sustainable and innovative development in the architecture sector. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2024-08-29 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/187 10.33116/ije.v7i2.187 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 7 No. 2 (2024): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 86–106 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v7i2 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/187/81 Copyright (c) 2024 Stephanus Wirawan Dharmatanna, Rani Y Wulandari , Ismail Salam

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/192 2026-05-08T07:19:03Z IJE:ART

Evaluating the Energy Performance of Transparent Photovoltaics for Building Windows in Tropical Climates Hendinata, Laurentius Kevin Prilia, Ribka Fikri, Ahmad Ilham Rokhul Suprapto, Michael Alfano Siddiq, Nur Abdillah transparent photovoltaics building windows energy consumption passive design EnergyPlus model Windows are a critical factor in enhancing energy efficiency in buildings, especially in tropical climates, where they are exposed to high-intensity sunlight. The incorporation of transparent photovoltaics using various PV technologies offers the opportunity for windows to harness solar energy for building purposes. The energy-saving benefits of using transparent photovoltaics have been extensively analyzed in various countries, but there is still a lack of comparative studies focusing on tropical countries. Our study aims to fill this gap by assessing the potential of transparent photovoltaics in enhancing energy efficiency in buildings located in Jakarta, Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, Rio de Janeiro, and Kotoka. We developed an energy consumption model located in a tropical climate, utilizing the EnergyPlus software. The simulation results clearly indicate that integrating photovoltaics into the building is particularly advantageous due to consistent solar radiation and the need for cooling and ventilation, resulting in a substantial up to 59.3% reduction in total energy consumption. As a contribution, our research underscores the potential of transparent photovoltaics to revolutionize building energy efficiency in tropical climates, providing significant energy savings and promoting sustainable building practices. Addressing climate challenges, such as temperature and humidity management, necessitates the utilization of advanced materials and design strategies. Additionally, policy challenges encompass the requirement for favorable policies, incentives, and well-defined guidelines for the installation of PV windows. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2024-08-29 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/192 10.33116/ije.v7i2.192 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 7 No. 2 (2024): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 66–77 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v7i2 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/192/79 Copyright (c) 2024 Laurentius Kevin Hendinata, Ribka Prilia, Ahmad Ilham Rokhul Fikri, Michael Alfano Suprapto, Nur Abdillah Siddiq

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/194 2026-05-08T07:19:18Z IJE:ART

Potential Development of Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources in Indonesia: Key Challenges and Future Prospects Maulana, Rifqi Fajar Ranaputri, Uray Keisya coal bed methane methane hydrate shale gas tight gas unconventional oil and gas The demand for energy is increasing along with the rise in population. Indonesian people rely on conventional resources such as coal, oil, and natural gas to meet their energy needs. It is estimated that coal can only be exploited for up to 61 years, natural gas for 34 years, and oil for 19 years. Meanwhile, Indonesia possesses unconventional oil and gas resources (e.g., coal bed methane (CBM), tight gas, shale gas and oil, and methane hydrate), estimated to reach 1,800 trillion cubic feet (TCF). These resources are in the exploration stage and have yet to be fully exploited due to technological limitations. Nevertheless, the Indonesian government continues to emphasize the development of this type of energy resource. Therefore, this study conducts a review of the potential of unconventional oil and gas resources in Indonesia, covering characteristics, potential occurrences in Indonesia, exploitation methods, utilization as a source of energy, and opportunities and challenges in their application. The method used is a narrative review based on secondary data by examining papers published in reputable national and international journals in the last ten years. Results show that unconventional oil and gas resources have different characteristics, including permeability, porosity, and depth. CBM can be found at the shallowest depth, followed by tight gas, methane hydrate, and the deepest is shale gas. Potential occurrences of these resources in Indonesia include gas hydrate (858.2 TCF), then shale gas (574.07 TCF), coal-bed methane (453.3 TCF), and shale oil 11.24 million tons. Exploitation can be done in various ways, such as dewatering for CBM, hydraulic fracking for tight and shale, and depressurization for methane hydrate. Once exploited, methane gas can be used for power plants, vehicle fuel, and industrial and household needs. Opportunities and challenges from various aspects, as well as applicable laws in Indonesia, are also discussed. In this light, the contribution of our study is to provide a comprehensive review of the characteristics, location, exploitation methods, opportunities, and challenges of utilizing unconventional oil and gas resources in Indonesia. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2024-02-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/194 10.33116/ije.v7i1.194 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 7 No. 1 (2024): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 27-42 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v7i1 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/194/76 Copyright (c) 2024 Rifqi Fajar Maulana, Uray Keisya Ranaputri

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/197 2026-05-08T07:19:18Z IJE:ART

Rethinking Energy Security in Indonesia from a Net Zero Perspective Muyasyaroh, Ayu Pratiwi energy security net zero emissions renewable energy carbon capture and storage Integrated Assessment Model This study aims at examining in what way and to what extent Indonesia can safeguard its energy security from a net zero perspective. To achieve the objective of this study, the current and projected figures of three variables of the country’s energy system—the total emissions of Kyoto gases, CO2 emissions per sector, and primary energy mix—up to the end of the century were calculated. To shed light on these variables, IMAGE 3.2, an Integrated Assessment Model (IAM) was used. Three scenarios that include CurPol, NDC, and Glasgow were reviewed. This study found that the country's reliance on finite fossil fuels becomes unavoidable, potentially causing Indonesia to miss its net zero target while also being vulnerable to energy crises. It is found that neither strategy described in the country’s current policies nor in its NDC are in line with the country’s net-zero target.This situation is exacerbated by the fact that Indonesia has not enshrined its net zero target in law, leaving the country’s net zero commitment merely as a proposal rather than a pledge. Thus, if Indonesia is committed to ensure its energy security while also meeting its net zero target, it becomes imperative for the country to advance energy efficiency measures, incorporate carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology to control the emissions of ffossil fuels, and significantly increase the shares of renewables (solar and biomass in particular) to at least 50%in the country's primary energy mix. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2024-02-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/197 10.33116/ije.v7i1.197 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 7 No. 1 (2024): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 16-26 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v7i1 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/197/75 Copyright (c) 2024 Ayu Pratiwi Muyasyaroh

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/199 2026-05-08T07:19:03Z IJE:ART

Transformation of Lampung Natural Zeolite into Zeolite-A by Aluminium Addition and Application as Catalyst for Biomass Pyrolysis Aulia, Syayyidati Simanjuntak, Wasinton Pandiangan, Kamisah Delilawati Rilyanti, Mita Lampung natural zeolite zeolite-A transformation food grade aluminium foil biomass pyrolysis bio crude oil cassava tubers rubber seed oil In this study, the transformed zeolite from Lampung natural zeolite (LNZ) was used as a catalyst for the pyrolysis of a mixture of cassava tubers and rubber seed oil to produce bio crude oil (BCO). Transformation of Lampung natural zeolite into zeolite-A was attempted by adjusting the Si/Al ratios to 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 transformed with and without aluminum addition and hydrothermal method with variation Si/Al ratio of 1.0; 1.5 and 2.0. The resulting products were specified as Zeo-C, Zeo-R1, Zeo-R1.5 and Zeo-R2.0. XRD analysis results show that Zeo-C and Zeo-R2 were transformed into zeolite-P, while zeolite-A, as targeted, was found in Zeo-R1 and Zeo-R1.5. SEM analysis results were also in accordance with XRD analysis results that showed the bipyramid crystal of zeolite-P in Zeo-C and Zeo-R2, while the cubic crystal of zeolite-A in Zeo-R1 and Zeo-R1.5. The BCO produced by using Zeo-C and Zeo-R1.5 as catalysts has the highest hydrocarbon content of 81% and 98%, respectively. Compared to previous studies, our study introduces an innovative approach by utilizing LNZ, a resource that has not been extensively explored, and combining cassava and rubber seed oil to produce bio-crude oil with a high hydrocarbon content. Our study contributes by promoting the use of underutilized biomass resources, potentially providing an environmentally friendly and economically viable alternative for BCO production. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2024-08-29 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/199 10.33116/ije.v7i2.199 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 7 No. 2 (2024): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 124–140 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v7i2 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/199/83 Copyright (c) 2024 Syayyidati Aulia, Wasinton Simanjuntak, Kamisah Delilawati Pandiangan, Mita Rilyanti

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/200 2026-05-08T07:19:18Z IJE:ART

Strategic Implementation of Nationally Determined Contributions for Waste-to-Energy Utilization in Indonesia: A Regulatory Review Hamzah, Alfiyah Nur Inayah Paliling, Valeria Erika Sari energy security renewable energy waste to energy energy policy sustainable development goals Municipal solid waste (MSW) stands out as a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, with Indonesia ranking among the world's largest contributors. The Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) commits Indonesia to minimize MSW emissions through renewable energy development, a central aspect of addressing the climate change crisis. In response, Presidential Regulation Number 35 of 2018 was introduced to vitalize these efforts. However, despite these initiatives, the existing legal framework has not adequately addressed the issue. This research aims to address two pivotal questions: How does Indonesian law regulate the conversion of waste into energy? To what extent do current regulations encompass Waste-to-Energy power plants? Employing a normative legal analysis, this study critically examines national legal instruments related to renewable energy, utilizing a statutory approach. Our findings underscore that current regulations concerning renewable energy lack effectiveness in ensuring availability, resilience, and national energy independence in a sustainable manner. Our study contributes to the existing body of research by delving into aspects of Waste-to-Energy regulation in Indonesia, an area that has not been extensively explored in previous studies. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2024-02-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/200 10.33116/ije.v7i1.200 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 7 No. 1 (2024): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 58-65 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v7i1 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/200/78 Copyright (c) 2024 Alfiyah Nur Inayah Hamzah, Valeria Erika Sari Paliling

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/207 2026-05-08T07:19:18Z IJE:ART

Security–Energy Nexus in Indonesia’s Border: The Case of Natuna Yusgiantoro, Purnomo Siagian, Utjok WR Reksoprodjo, Agus HS Gustin, Debby RA Asri, Novena Damar Defense forces Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) Indonesia’s border Natuna military base North Natuna Sea oil and gas the South China Sea disputes Natuna is one of the outmost islands in northern Indonesia. Natuna is vital as it delimits Indonesia’s territorial and deposits abundant energy resources. However, Natuna is also vulnerable, as it is adjacent to (and is partly located in) the South China Sea, a flash point in the region. As the sea is rich in natural resources, many countries around the sea are competing to control it, which leads to disputes. This study combines a literature review with interviews and finds that the risk of threats in the Natuna area encourages Indonesia to establish a military base there. The military base plays a role in securing Indonesia’s sovereignty over the Natuna area, including energy resources, an essential resource for the economy and development. This study proposes a new notion of ‘energy resource effects’ that influence the development of the situation and Indonesia’s decision to build a military base in the Natuna area. The energy-security nexus, thus, implies the close relationships between energy and security and how the two affect each other. Finally, this study also offers Indonesia’s perspective on securing its border areas, especially those rich in energy resources. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2024-02-28 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/207 10.33116/ije.v7i1.207 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 7 No. 1 (2024): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 1-15 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v7i1 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/207/74 Copyright (c) 2024 Purnomo Yusgiantoro, Utjok WR Siagian, Agus HS Reksoprodjo, Debby RA Gustin, Novena Damar Asri

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/210 2026-05-08T07:19:03Z IJE:ART

Optimizing the Purging Interval of 1 kW PEM Fuel Cell Control System in Fuel Cell Vehicles Kurniawan, Kurniawan Tarigan, Kontan Firdaus Sudarma, Andi Dwi Pudjisusilo, Raden Shidqi Khaerudini, Deni fuel cell, fcev, purging, matlab, simulink This study was conducted to explore and understand the duration of purging in fuel cell control systems and their application in fuel cell vehicles, a critical aspect that has a significant impact on the overall performance and efficiency of vehicles or devices that use fuel cell technology. The method adopted in this research involves modeling and simulation using a simulation platform, SIMULINK-MATLAB; modeling is carried out with a program and then validated with test data. This approach allows researchers to replicate and analyze system dynamics virtually to identify existing systems so that empirical models can be identified. Apart from that, the performance characteristics of the given parameters can be known by knowing the model and simulation before the physical implementation is carried out. From the study results, it was found that the modeling carried out with transfer function model 0.02635 s + 1.036/s + 0.04359 and validated with the test results 87.19% fit to estimation data was quite valid so that the model identification could be said to be suitable for this study. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2024-08-29 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/210 10.33116/ije.v7i2.210 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 7 No. 2 (2024): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 78–85 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v7i2 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/210/80 Copyright (c) 2024 Kurniawan Kurniawan, Kontan Tarigan, Andi Firdaus Sudarma, Raden Dwi Pudjisusilo, Deni Shidqi Khaerudini

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/211 2026-05-08T07:18:01Z IJE:ART

Comprehensive Review of Carbon Capture Technologies for Climate Change Mitigation Meylani, Vita Busaeri, Nundang Radjasa, Ocky Karna Hiron, Nurul Mutiara, Frista carbon capture and storage carbon capture and utilization carbon capture technology literature review The emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) significantly contribute to the rise in global temperatures and the exacerbation of climate change. Various initiatives have been undertaken to reduce CO2 emissions, notably through the adoption of carbon capture technologies. These technologies include Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU), Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS), and the integrated approach of Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS). Our study aims to elucidate the operational principles of CCU, highlight the benefits of carbon capture, and provide recent updates on the application of CCU and CCS in daily contexts. Utilizing a qualitative descriptive methodology through a literature review, we examine the primary sources related to CCU and CCS from various databases such as Scopus, Springer, Taylor & Francis, and Google Scholar, covering the period from 2014 to 2024. As a novelty, our review covers physical techniques like absorption, gas or membrane separation, and pressure-temperature manipulation, alongside chemical methods such as the adsorption of amine compounds. Furthermore, biological techniques, including fixation, are also utilized. The operational framework of carbon capture technology is structured around three main processes: pre-combustion, post-combustion, and oxy-combustion. Notably, carbon capture technology incorporates the cultivation of microalgae as a fixation strategy, which promotes not only environmental sustainability but also shows significant promise for future applications. This method effectively sequesters large quantities of CO2 while requiring minimal nutritional resources. The advantages of utilizing microalgae include enhanced efficiency in CO2 fixation compared to terrestrial plants, reduced contamination, and a relatively simple operational structure. It is evident that the adoption of carbon capture technology is expected to increase in the coming years, particularly in light of the ongoing challenges posed by climate change. Prospective advancements in carbon capture technology are then discussed based on the review result. Thus, our literature review contributes to promoting the broader implementation of carbon capture technologies. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2025-02-27 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/211 10.33116/ije.v8i1.211 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 62-74 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v8i1 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/211/87 Copyright (c) 2025 Vita Meylani, Nundang Busaeri, Ocky Karna Radjasa, Nurul Hiron, Frista Mutiara

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/212 2026-05-08T07:19:03Z IJE:ART

Drawing Insights from Japan's Energy Efficiency Policies for Indonesia's Progress Panjaitan, Togar Wiliater Soaloon Pandyaswargo , Andante Hadi Atmaja , Tinton Dwi Firman , Fitria Astuti al Irsyad , Muhammad Indra energy efficiency mitigation strategies climate change energy conservation As archipelagic countries, Japan and Indonesia's electricity transmission and distribution infrastructures are island-specific. They have limited network areas and face similar risks caused by climate change. Energy conservation through technical approaches to improve energy efficiency is effective in combating climate change and generates more significant economic benefits. This study examines the strategies demonstrated by Japan to improve its energy efficiency and identifies the potential of adopting those strategies in Indonesia. This research includes an in-depth literature review and benchmarking approaches to the two countries' mitigation strategies. The study found that the Japanese approaches, such as the prioritization of strict regulations, extensive use of innovative technology, and solid industrial collaboration, can be adopted to improve energy efficiency in Indonesia. We also identified several obstacles to adopting those approaches in Indonesia, such as policy inconsistencies, limited financial incentives, and fragmented governance. Adopting the Japanese approaches in Indonesia needs clear energy labeling, more integrated energy management in large industries, appropriate electricity pricing, and efficient energy service company (ESCO) schemes. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2024-08-29 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/212 10.33116/ije.v7i2.212 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 7 No. 2 (2024): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 107–123 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v7i2 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/212/82 Copyright (c) 2024 Togar Wiliater Soaloon Panjaitan, Andante Hadi Pandyaswargo , Tinton Dwi Atmaja , Fitria Astuti Firman , Muhammad Indra al Irsyad

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/220 2026-05-08T07:18:01Z IJE:ART

Regional Inclusive Green Growth in Indonesia: Unraveling Determinants and Disparities Asyrof, Rifqi Aqil Rizaldi , Muhammad inclusive green growth regional disparities Data Development Analysis (DEA) This research develops a regional framework for inclusive green growth in Indonesia and assesses the efficiency of government expenditure in driving it. Using cross-sectional data from 33 provinces in 2021, the study constructs an Inclusive Green Growth Index (IGGI) based on economic growth, social equity, and environmental sustainability, following the Asian Development Bank’s framework. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is employed to evaluate government spending efficiency. This study fills a research gap by providing a standardized tool to measure economic inclusivity and sustainability at the regional level. Additionally, it introduces a novel approach by analyzing budget efficiency in promoting inclusive green growth across provinces. Findings reveal significant regional disparities, with Papua and Nusa Tenggara Barat lagging while Kalimantan Timur and DKI Jakarta lead. Inefficient government spending is identified as a key factor, though some regions, such as East Kalimantan and East Java, demonstrate better resource utilization. This research contributes by encouraging local governments to integrate IGGI into policy planning. The index helps the central government identify regional disparities and formulate equitable development strategies. Additionally, it emphasizes optimizing government financing for inclusive and sustainable economic programs, providing insights for improving policy effectiveness. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2025-02-27 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/220 10.33116/ije.v8i1.220 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 75-86 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v8i1 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/220/88 Copyright (c) 2025 Rifqi Aqil Asyrof, Muhammad Rizaldi

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/228 2026-05-08T07:17:26Z IJE:ART

Can Green Finance and Digital Economy Foster Renewable Energy Development? Insight from G20 Countries with Two-Step-System-GMM Approach Gunawan, Kleovan Nathanael digital economy G20 countries generalized method of moments green finance renewable energy development The escalating concerns regarding environmental issues and the far-reaching implications of climate change have significantly intensified the focus on the shift towards renewable energy within academia and policymaking. This study investigates how the digital economy and green financing have affected the growth of renewable energy in G20 countries between 2010 and 2020. A key novelty of this research lies in examining the moderating effects of eco-innovation and institutional quality—factors often overlooked in prior studies. Using a dynamic panel data approach and the Two-Step System GMM (2SYSGMM) to address endogeneity concerns, our findings indicate that green finance and the digital economy play a positive role in fostering renewable energy development. The policy recommendations underscore the importance for G20 governments to prioritize investments in digital infrastructure to incorporate digital solutions into the energy sector and bolster the digital economy. Additionally, there is an emphasis on the need to promote innovation, literacy, and inclusivity in green finance, while advocating for the adoption of environmentally friendly technologies through robust research and development efforts and the strengthening of institutional frameworks. This study contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence on how digital and financial mechanisms interact with institutional and innovation factors to accelerate the energy transition. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2025-08-29 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/228 10.33116/ije.v8i2.228 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 103-117 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v8i2 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/228/90 Copyright (c) 2025 Kleovan Nathanael Gunawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/229 2026-05-08T07:18:01Z IJE:ART

Big Data and Satellite Imagery for Energy Efficiency Mapping in Indonesia: : A Future Shaped by Advanced Analytics Afrianto, Firman Salsabillah, Andini Putri Hariyanto, Annisa Dira big data machine learning predictive analysis energy management energy efficiency In the sophisticated realm of big data, analyzing energy efficiency in Indonesia has become crucial for identifying savings opportunities. This study utilizes large-scale raster data, including CO2 emissions from the OCO-2 GEOS satellite, nocturnal satellite images from VIIRS, and demographic and infrastructural data from WorldPOP and EsriWorld Cover. Through advanced regression techniques in machine learning—Support Vector Regression, Artificial Neural Network, and particularly Random Forest—the research analyzes and forecasts energy efficiency across various Indonesian provinces. The analysis highlights a notable increase in CO2 emissions from 2019 to 2023, with a significant reduction in night-time light emissions in 2020 due to the pandemic, which temporarily decreased human activities. Despite these fluctuations, the continuous increase in population density and built-up areas underscores the persistent influence of urbanization on emissions. The Random Forest model, which provided the most accurate predictions, indicates an expected rise in total CO2 emissions until 2030, driven by urbanization and economic growth, followed by a decline by 2045 due to targeted governmental policies. These insights contribute significantly to understanding the distribution of energy efficiency and support the development of sustainable energy policies in Indonesia. The study not only enriches scientific literature but also guides policy-making, offering a framework for tailored energy efficiency improvements. This research marks a pivotal advancement in utilizing big data and satellite technology to optimize energy use in a context that was previously underexplored. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2025-02-27 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/229 10.33116/ije.v8i1.229 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 37-61 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v8i1 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/229/86 Copyright (c) 2025 Firman Afrianto, Andini Putri Salsabillah, Annisa Dira Hariyanto

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/230 2026-05-08T07:18:01Z IJE:ART

Illuminating Energy Efficiency: Satellite-Guided Insights for Optimizing Urban Street Lighting Across Indonesian Cities Afrianto, Firman Graha, Dimas Tri Rendra Pusporini, Nuryantiningsih Setiawan, Alifianto night-time satellite imagery street lighting energy management energy efficiency This study introduces a ground-breaking method for enhancing urban energy management by integrating high-resolution night-time satellite imagery from SDGSAT-1 with detailed ground-truth verification of street lighting across major cities in Central Java and DIY. Utilizing the Glimmer Imager for Urbanization (GIU) with 10-meter resolution, this research precisely identifies different urban street lamp types and evaluates their impact on energy consumption. As the demand for public street lighting grows with urban expansion, there is a pressing need for efficient energy management to sustain urban development and reduce environmental footprints. This study focuses on Semarang, Yogyakarta, and Solo, aiming to assess energy efficiency by examining how different street lighting affects energy usage across various road network types. By employing pan sharpening techniques to enhance image resolution and zonal statistics for in-depth analysis, the research finds significant correlations, especially in the red spectral band. This correlation suggests the potential of using SDGSAT-1 data to estimate streetlight energy consumption where direct measurements are unavailable. The findings also reveal significant variations in energy consumption across different road types, attributed to varying traffic and lighting needs. By highlighting these disparities, the study underscores the potential of transitioning to LED lighting, which can reduce energy consumption by up to 69%. This research not only demonstrates the capabilities of satellite imagery in urban energy management but also offers practical insights for cities looking to improve lighting efficiency, reduce costs, and promote sustainability in urban planning. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2025-02-26 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/230 10.33116/ije.v8i1.230 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 16-36 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v8i1 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/230/85 Copyright (c) 2025 Firman Afrianto, Dimas Tri Rendra Graha, Nuryantiningsih Pusporini, Alifianto Setiawan

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/248 2026-05-08T07:18:01Z IJE:ART

Harnessing Carbon Trading and Life Cycle Assessments for Renewable Energy Transition in Southeast Asia Hendriarto, Stevanus Manap, Yusril Sudiro Abdul Runtukahu, Yussuf Eddo Utomo, Romualdus Nugraha Catur CO2 emissions renewable energy carbon trading life cycle assessments Southeast Asia The climate crisis, caused by fossil fuel dependence and deforestation, poses significant socio-economic and environmental challenges for Southeast Asia, including reduced agricultural productivity and increased health risks. Our study aims to fill this gap by assessing how renewable energy can mitigate these impacts, focusing on the region's potential and the mechanisms needed to support this energy transition. Through a structured review of peer-reviewed articles, government reports, and data from intergovernmental organizations, we analyzed Southeast Asia's renewable energy potential and the roles of carbon trading and life cycle assessments (LCA) as enabling mechanisms. Our findings reveal that, despite projected increases in CO? emissions from 1.4 gigatons (Gt) in 2018 to nearly 2.4 Gt by 2040, Southeast Asia has set ambitious targets to reduce energy consumption by 23% and increase renewable energy to 22.1% within the same timeframe. Achieving these goals will require robust, adaptive policies that incentivize renewable investment and promote regional cooperation. Carbon trading and LCA are identified as pivotal tools, providing financial motivation for emission reductions and offering frameworks to assess the environmental impacts of energy projects. In conclusion, this study suggests that Southeast Asia’s renewable energy adoption, supported by sustainable practices like carbon trading and LCA, could significantly advance both global climate mitigation and socio-economic resilience within the region. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2025-02-26 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/248 10.33116/ije.v8i1.248 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 1-15 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v8i1 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/248/84 Copyright (c) 2025 Stevanus Hendriarto, Yusril Sudiro Abdul Manap, Yussuf Eddo Runtukahu, Romualdus Nugraha Catur Utomo

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/254 2026-05-08T07:17:26Z IJE:ART

Geothermal Captive Use for Powering Mining Sites: Worldwide Experience and the Potential and Challenges for Implementation in Indonesia Brilian, Vincentius A. Adityatama, Daniel Wilhelmus Mukti, Agung Wisnu Al Asy'ari, Muhammad Rizqi Purba, Dorman Pardamean Fadhillah, Ferdino Erichatama, Nadya Abdiellah, Farrizh Noer captive use geothermal energy industrial activity mining sector In conventional geothermal electricity trading, geothermal plant operators sell electricity to off-takers, who then distribute it to end users such as industries. However, some industries are located too far from the existing grid for a cost-effective connection, which forces them to generate electricity independently to support their operations. Our study assesses the potential for geothermal captive use in Indonesia’s mining sector, where mining companies develop geothermal resources to generate electricity and meet their own energy needs. While previous research has explored the global potential, economic benefits, and environmental advantages of geothermal power in mining—often from broad geographic or regulatory perspectives—few have provided a detailed, site-specific analysis of Indonesia’s mining sector. Our study addresses that gap by identifying and evaluating specific mining sites in Indonesia for geothermal captive use. It contributes to the literature by combining practical mining site assessments with targeted insights to support the transition from fossil fuels to geothermal captive use for powering remote mining operations. Examples from Lihir (Papua New Guinea) and Florida Canyon (United States) demonstrate successful applications of this model, yet it remains largely untapped in Indonesia. By reviewing global case studies, we explore captive use mechanisms and extract lessons relevant to the Indonesian context. Although geothermal captive use is still rare in Indonesia, findings indicate several mining sites with potential for its adoption. We underscore the environmental benefits of geothermal energy compared with conventional sources such as diesel and natural gas. However, overcoming technical, economic, and regulatory challenges is crucial for successful implementation. In conclusion, geothermal captive use offers clear benefits for energy-intensive industries in Indonesia, enhancing energy independence, reducing environmental impacts, and supporting broader geothermal adoption in industrial settings.  Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2025-08-29 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/254 10.33116/ije.v8i2.254 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 129-147 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v8i2 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/254/92 Copyright (c) 2025 Vincentius A. Brilian, Daniel Wilhelmus Adityatama, Agung Wisnu Mukti, Muhammad Rizqi Al Asy'ari, Dorman Pardamean Purba, Ferdino Fadhillah, Nadya Erichatama, Farrizh Noer Abdiellah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/267 2026-05-08T07:17:26Z IJE:ART

Efficiency and Electrical Power Consumption Analysis of Gasification Stove Fueled by Used Cooking Oil as A Renewable Energy Alternative Asmoro, Purwandito T. renewable energy stove efficiency used cooking oil stove waste to energy Gasification stoves that utilize used cooking oil as fuel represent a significant innovation in renewable energy. People generally perceive used cooking oil as cooking oil that is no longer suitable for frying, often discarding it as waste or selling it to collectors for export and biodiesel production. However, used cooking oil can be repurposed as stove fuel, presenting an advancement in appropriate waste-to-energy technology. This approach enables cooking oil that is no longer used for frying to serve as a renewable fuel source for stoves. This study aims to analyze the efficiency of used cooking oil stoves by employing a gasification mechanism to accelerate heating. The efficiency evaluation includes thermal efficiency, measured using the Water Boiling Test method, along with values for Fuel Consumption Rate (FCR), Combustion Input Power (Pin), and Combustion Output Power (Pout). Thus, our study is the first to comprehensively evaluate the performance of used cooking oil (UCO)-fueled gasification stoves by analyzing these metrics, addressing a research gap in prior studies. Testing and analysis were conducted using water samples of three different volumes: 1 liter, 2 liters, and 3 liters. The results indicate thermal efficiency rates of 30.49 % for 1 liter of water, 15.54 % for 2 liters, and 16.45 % for 3 liters. The highest recorded FCR value is 1 liter/hour, the largest Pin value is 8,246.10 watts, and the highest Pout value is 1,481.28 watts. The decline in thermal efficiency and output power is attributed to the stove’s design. Specifically, the blower pipe air hole is positioned perpendicular to the blower pipe within the combustion chamber. As a result, the flames primarily strike the combustion chamber walls, with only a portion of the reflected heat directed toward the container holding boiling water. This leads to excessive heating within the combustion chamber, while the temperature of the flames reaching the water container remains relatively lower. The electrical power consumption of the stove is measured at 10.89 watts. As a contribution, our study provides an alternative cooking solution that supports Indonesia’s energy diversification efforts by reducing reliance on LPG and alleviating the government’s subsidy burden. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2025-08-29 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/267 10.33116/ije.v8i2.267 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 118-128 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v8i2 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/267/91 Copyright (c) 2025 Purwandito T. Asmoro https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/269 2026-05-08T07:18:01Z IJE:ART

Feasibility Study of the Development of Ground-Mounted Solar Plants Ekacitta, Puti Cresti Iyi, Draco solar energy ground-mounted solar plant New Capital City of Indonesia techno-economic analysis Indonesia is building a new capital city in Penajam Paser Regency. The government aims to maximise the utilisation of low-carbon energy in the new capital. With a favourable location at the equator crossing, Penajam Paser Regency has a Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) index higher than Indonesia's regional average—1,753 kWh/m²/year—and a solar potential of 13,749 MW. Therefore, solar energy in this location has the potential to meet the city's total energy demand. However, the regency currently has no ground-mounted solar energy projects. Our study examines the technical feasibility of implementing ground-mounted photovoltaic (PV) power plants in Indonesia's new capital city. It explores the technical and economic aspects of providing clean electricity and represents the first study of ground-mounted PV systems in the region. We compare the simulation results of Helioscope and PV Syst for designing a ground-mounted PV system. We then analysed economic feasibility by comparing two possible tariffs, which are the ceiling price and system generation cost. We reveal that the optimal PV system design has a 14.79 MWp capacity, producing 22.4 GWh of electricity annually. This system can be developed using a Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) plan over a 25-year operational duration. Economic analysis yields an Internal Rate of Return of 22.99%, a Net Present Value of GBP 6,083,060, a payback period of 8.4 years, and a Levelized Cost of Energy of GBP 0.056/kWh. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2025-02-27 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/269 10.33116/ije.v8i1.269 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 87-102 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v8i1 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/269/89 Copyright (c) 2025 Puti Cresti Ekacitta, Draco Iyi

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/277 2026-05-08T07:17:26Z IJE:ART

Clean Cooking and the Rice Cooker Programme: An Evaluation and Policy Perspective Suntoro, Dedi Nugroho, Wahid Pinto Darmaji Hadiyanto, Fuad Priyono Farandy, Alan Ray Zainuddin, Hazan Azhari Hesty, Nurry Widya Sinaga, Paber Norhadi, Lutfi Sriyanto, Nanto clean cooking energy consumption LPG subsidy reduction rice cooker programme Household energy Energy policy Electric cooking Energy transition Indonesia energy program Clean cooking is a critical agenda for enhancing access to clean energy in developing nations. In 2023–2024, the Indonesian government implemented a programme to distribute free rice cookers to underprivileged communities, yet this initiative has not previously been evaluated. This study addresses that gap by examining the impact of the rice cooker distribution on household energy consumption and LPG dependency. While several studies have assessed clean cooking programmes—such as biogas, induction, solar-powered stoves, and electric pressure cookers—this research is among the first to evaluate a rice cooker programme in a large-scale field setting, thereby offering novel insights and contributing to the literature on the clean energy transition. A Slovin sampling strategy selected 600 respondents from among 342,621 households across 36 provinces with a margin of error of approximately 4.1%. Primary data were analysed using descriptive statistics, including frequency distributions and cross-tabulations, alongside inferential methods such as ordered logistic regression to investigate the determinants of satisfaction of this program and also t-tests to compare electricity consumption and LPG usage before and after receiving the rice cooker. In addition, secondary data comprising 5,814,476 records on monthly electricity consumption from January 2023 to May 2024 were utilised. Our evaluation reveals that the free rice cooker programme has led to a significant increase in per capita electricity consumption and a corresponding reduction in LPG consumption and subsidies. Although household electricity bills have risen, most respondents report that the efficiency and convenience of the rice cooker offset these additional costs. These findings support the further expansion and continual evaluation of such clean cooking initiatives, enhancing energy resilience in Indonesia and other developing countries. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2025-08-29 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/277 10.33116/ije.v8i2.277 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 148-161 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v8i2 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/277/93 Copyright (c) 2025 Dedi Suntoro, Wahid Pinto Nugroho, Darmaji, Fuad Hadiyanto, Priyono, Alan Ray Farandy, Hazan Azhari Zainuddin, Nurry Widya Hesty, Paber Sinaga, Lutfi Norhadi, Nanto Sriyanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/278 2026-05-08T07:17:26Z IJE:ART

Performance Evaluation of 120 kWp On-Grid Photovoltaic Power Plants after Five Years of Operation Umam, Mukhamad Faeshol Patria, Mochamad Febrian Adhi Affandi , Dani Maulana Nugraha, Deva Harry Kurniawan, Hanifah Dwi Ramadani, Havid Pandu long-term analysis performance degradation photovoltaic power plant PV efficiency, temperature effects This study assesses the five-year operational performance of a 120 kWp grid-connected rooftop photovoltaic (PV) power plant with multiple locations in Blora, Central Java, Indonesia.  By analyzing real-world energy yield, degradation rates, and climate-related impacts, the study identifies key environmental and technical factors influencing PV efficiency.  Performance data from 2020 to 2025 show varying degrees of degradation across sites, with Widya Patra 3 showing the greatest reduction (51.09%), and Widya Patra 2 showing the least (12.5%).  The study confirms that dust accumulation, shading, temperature fluctuations, and humidity have a significant impact on long-term efficiency.  Climate variables such as sunshine duration, rainfall intensity, and wind speed were found to have a direct relationship with energy yield.  These findings highlight the importance of regular maintenance, proactive cleaning strategies, and optimized PV system designs for better performance and sustainability in tropical climates.  The study sheds light on future PV reliability improvements, guiding the implementation of climate-resilient strategies in solar energy development.  Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2025-08-29 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/278 10.33116/ije.v8i2.278 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 177-189 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v8i2 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/278/95 Copyright (c) 2025 Mukhamad Faeshol Umam, Mochamad Febrian Adhi Patria, Dani Maulana Affandi , Deva Harry Nugraha, Hanifah Dwi Kurniawan, Havid Pandu Ramadani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/281 2026-05-08T07:51:55Z IJE:ART

Exploring Smart Renewable Investment in Green Financial Mechanism for Achieving Carbon Neutrality: An Empirical Analysis of the ASEAN Economy Durohman, Hapid Khoirunnisa, Annes N. Carbon neutrality smart renewable investment green financial mechanism ASEAN economy geopolitical risk Smart renewable energy investment is increasingly recognized as a critical component of green financial mechanisms aimed at achieving carbon neutrality, particularly within the ASEAN region, which faces the dual challenge of sustaining economic growth while mitigating environmental degradation. However, the effectiveness of such investments is influenced by complex factors, including geopolitical instability, environmental constraints, and disparities in financial access. Our study empirically examines the dynamic relationship between smart renewable investment, green finance, and carbon emissions in seven ASEAN economies over the period 2001–2023. Employing second-generation panel cointegration techniques, specifically the Continuously Updated Fully Modified and Continuously Updated Bias-Corrected estimators, this analysis accounts for cross-sectional dependence, heterogeneity, and non-stationarity in the panel data. The results reveal that both renewable energy investment and green finance exert a statistically significant negative impact on CO? emissions, confirming their effectiveness in facilitating the region’s transition toward low-carbon development. In contrast, economic indicators such as foreign direct investment, gross domestic product growth, and gross fixed capital formation are positively correlated with emissions, highlighting the environmental costs associated with traditional growth trajectories. Moreover, geopolitical risk is identified as a critical factor exacerbating emissions, suggesting that regional instability can hinder sustainable energy deployment and delay decarbonization efforts. The policy implications of these findings highlight the importance of establishing stable and harmonized green finance frameworks in ASEAN, including fiscal incentives, public–private collaboration, and the integration of geopolitical risk assessments into national energy planning. Furthermore, the development of regional green capital markets and innovative mechanisms such as emissions trading and carbon pricing is deemed crucial to strengthening cross-border investment flows and supporting the transition toward sustainable development. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2026-02-27 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/281 10.33116/ije.v9i1.281 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 96-115 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v9i1 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/281/103 Copyright (c) 2026 Hapid Durohman, Annes N. Khoirunnisa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/283 2026-05-08T07:51:55Z IJE:ART

From Villages to Sustainable Energy Transition: Community-Based Financing Model through Village-Owned Enterprises (Bumdes) Suhartanti, Pratiwi D. community financing energy feasibility SWOT analysis village-owned enterprises water-based tourism Transitioning to sustainable energy sources is essential to ensure environmental sustainability and energy security. Integrating energy transition with local economic activities in rural areas remains challenging, particularly in developing innovative community-based financing mechanisms. This study explores how Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes), managing water tourism in Klaten district, Central Java, have initiated community-based financing models to support the utilization of water resources as an alternative energy source. The research involved 30 BUMDes affiliated with the Klaten Water Tourism Association. Using a qualitative case study approach, a SWOT analysis was applied to assess the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of developing these financing models. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with BUMDes administrators, focus group discussions (FGDs), and analysis of financial and operational documents. The study provides an initial assessment of risk mitigation and implementation feasibility within the current institutional and regulatory frameworks. The results offer a structured framework for policymakers, BUMDes managers, and development institutions to evaluate the potential of community financing and water-based energy synergies in the rural tourism sector. Ultimately, empowering BUMDes to advance innovative community financing is expected to strengthen local community resilience and promote integrated rural development strategies in Indonesia. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2026-02-27 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/283 10.33116/ije.v9i1.283 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 56-71 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v9i1 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/283/100 Copyright (c) 2026 Pratiwi D. Suhartanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/285 2026-05-08T07:51:55Z IJE:ART

The Impact of the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism on Indonesia: Trade Competitiveness, Economic Stability, and Policy Adaptation Fitriyah, Aidatul Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) economic impact green transition policy adaptation trade competitiveness The European Union (EU) introduced the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) to impose carbon price on imported goods based on their carbon footprint, aiming to mitigate carbon leakage and accelerate global decarbonization. While designed to promote sustainable industrial practices, CBAM poses significant challenges for emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs), including Indonesia, which depends heavily on carbon-intensive industries for export revenues. This study investigates CBAM’s potential impact on Indonesia’s trade competitiveness, economic stability, and policy landscape by comparing its projected consequences in Indonesia with its implementation in the EU. This research employs a qualitative approach through a literature review, analyzing academic studies, policy reports from organizations such as the OECD, WTO, and IMF, and case studies from Indonesia and EU member states. The findings reveal that implementing CBAM in Indonesia would elevate production costs, weaken export competitiveness, and heighten economic risks for industries reliant on high-emission production, particularly in the manufacturing and energy sectors. Moreover, CBAM could intensify social challenges, including job losses and inflationary pressures. However, a comparative analysis with the EU’s experience highlights potential opportunities for Indonesia, such as incentives for a green economic transition, increased investment in renewable energy, and alignment with global sustainability standards. These findings underscore the urgency for Indonesia to formulate strategic policy responses, including trade diversification, technological innovation, and active participation in international climate negotiations. By providing a comparative perspective, this study advances the discourse on climate and trade policies, emphasizing the need for an equitable and adaptive regulatory framework that enables developing economies to navigate the global transition toward sustainability. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2026-02-27 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/285 10.33116/ije.v9i1.285 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 116-136 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v9i1 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/285/104 Copyright (c) 2026 Aidatul Fitriyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/287 2026-05-08T07:51:55Z IJE:ART

Policy Instruments Reform for Growth and Renewable Energy Transition in the Southeast Asia Region Ardyarum, Mahfita Energy Policy Instrument Fixed Effect Model GDP per Capita Policy Reform Renewable Energy Growth One of the strategies used to decrease the production of greenhouse gases is to promote the use of clean, renewable energy. Mitigation initiatives are also part of the action plan to meet the Paris Agreement, which aims to keep global temperature rise below 1.5°C. The growth of the new and renewable energy mix is influenced by a variety of factors, including the economy, technology, energy consumption behavior, financial support, and policy instruments implemented by a country. The novelty of this study lies in examining the effects of five policy tools (i.e., net metering, feed-in tariffs, renewable portfolio standards/quotas, tax incentives, and auctions) on renewable energy growth across Southeast Asian countries grouped by gross domestic product per capita level, which are high (i.e., Singapore, Brunei), upper-middle (i.e., Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand), and lower-middle (i.e., Cambodia, Myanmar). A fixed-effect model under the Feasible Generalized Least Squares approach was used for panel data estimation with data spanning from 2010 to 2022. It was found that of the 5 policy instruments utilized, net metering, feed-in tariffs, and renewable energy portfolios had a substantial impact on the accelerating renewable energy growth. In comparison, auctions and tax incentives did not. According to the findings, the three types of policy instruments can be strengthened and utilized as recommendations to accelerate the transition to new and renewable energy. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2026-02-27 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/287 10.33116/ije.v9i1.287 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 72-85 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v9i1 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/287/101 Copyright (c) 2026 Mahfita Ardyarum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/288 2026-05-08T07:51:55Z IJE:ART

The Nexus of Climate Adaptation, Public-Private Partnership Investment Flows, and Renewable Energy Transition: Evidence from a Cross-Country Panel Study Attaqi, Faiz Komariah, Siti Pratama, Muhammad I. climate vulnerability renewable energy output panel data analysis private investment Public-Private Partnership (PPP) investment What role does climate vulnerability play in directing public-private and private energy investments worldwide? This study investigates the determinants of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) energy investment, private energy investment, and renewable energy output using a random-effects panel data model for 214 countries from 2010-2022. We particularly examine the role of climate vulnerability and readiness, as measured by the ND-GAIN index, alongside institutional, economic, and energy-specific control variables. Our findings reveal that higher climate readiness (lower vulnerability) significantly boosts both PPP and private energy investments. Key institutional factors such as voice and accountability, alongside structural indicators like population and trade openness, also positively influence private energy investment. For renewable energy output, existing renewable energy consumption patterns, foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows, and lower energy intensity (higher efficiency) emerge as significant positive drivers. While direct PPP energy investment does not show a statistically significant direct impact on the share of renewable energy output in our comprehensive models, its role in overall energy sector development, coupled with the crucial influence of climate adaptation capacity, underscores the complex dynamics shaping the global energy landscape. These results highlight the importance of enhancing climate resilience and institutional quality to mobilize necessary capital for a sustainable energy future. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2026-02-27 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/288 10.33116/ije.v9i1.288 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 1-16 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v9i1 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/288/97 Copyright (c) 2026 Faiz Attaqi, Siti Komariah, Muhammad I. Pratama https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/289 2026-05-08T07:51:55Z IJE:ART

AI-Driven Carbon Pricing Optimization: A Geospatial Analysis Framework for Indonesia’s Energy Transition Wijayanto, Arie W. Putri, Salwa R. Putra, Yoga C. Natasya Afira Anggita, Fauzan F. Aziz, Jafar H. Carbon Pricing Artificial Intelligence Geospatial Analysis MRV Systems Remote Sensing Green Financing Indonesia faces a critical climate challenge as the world’s sixth-largest carbon emitter, with coal accounting for more than 60% of its electricity generation. Achieving its ambitious net-zero target by 2060 requires urgent action. While Indonesia has introduced various carbon pricing mechanisms to advance carbon neutrality, these initiatives demand sophisticated optimization across the archipelago’s diverse regions to balance emissions reduction with sustainable development goals. This research presents an innovative artificial intelligence framework that leverages geospatial big data to estimate carbon stock and inform pricing strategies while supporting Indonesia’s transition away from coal dependency. The framework integrates three key components: (1) a remote sensing-based Measurement, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) model that accurately quantifies carbon stocks across varied ecosystems; (2) an automated reporting system powered by generative Artificial Intelligence that enhances transparency and reduces bias in carbon accounting; and (3) a comprehensive analytics dashboard that visualizes dynamic carbon stock data to inform policy decisions. By addressing Indonesia’s geographical complexities through tailored carbon stock estimation policies and optimizing resource allocation across diverse ecological contexts, this framework provides a data-driven foundation for Indonesia to navigate its energy transition and meet its climate commitments through enhanced MRV systems and targeted green financing initiatives. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2026-02-27 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/289 10.33116/ije.v9i1.289 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 17-37 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v9i1 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/289/98 Copyright (c) 2026 Arie W. Wijayanto, Salwa R. Putri, Yoga C. Putra, Natasya Afira, Fauzan F. Anggita, Jafar H. Aziz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/290 2026-05-08T07:51:55Z IJE:ART

Ar-Rahnu Energy Cooperative (AREC): A Community-Based Microfinance Model for Green Development in Indigenous Aceh Mustaqilla, Nazhira Ar-Rahnu microfinance blockchain for renewable energy community-based energy financing gold tokenization indigenous sustainable development The tradition of gold dowries in Aceh has resulted in women owning significant amounts of gold, yet these assets often remain unproductive and are merely stored as passive savings. This study explores the Gala or Ar-Rahnu or Jeulamee tradition and proposes a community-based financing model that optimizes unproductive gold as capital for Energy Independent Villages in Aceh. The novelty of this research lies in introducing Jeulamee as an alternative financing mechanism for renewable energy. This approach has not been previously examined while designing a closed-loop ecosystem to ensure sustainable energy production at the community level. Employing a mixed methods approach, including Location Quotient, Dynamic Location Quotient, Shift Share, and Input-Output analysis, the study identifies strategic sectors for sustainable energy development and formulates the Ar-Rahnu Energy Cooperative concept. By integrating Islamic microfinance, indigenous cultural practices, and blockchain-based gold tokenization, this research contributes to the literature on green financing while offering practical implications for women’s economic empowerment, improved access to clean energy, and the advancement of inclusive and sustainable energy transitions in indigenous communities. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2026-02-27 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/290 10.33116/ije.v9i1.290 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 86-95 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v9i1 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/290/102 Copyright (c) 2026 Nazhira Mustaqilla https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/292 2026-05-08T07:17:26Z IJE:ART

Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) and Its Implications for Developing Economies: A Systematic Literature Review Wirdyansyah, Danial Muhammad Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) carbon leakage climate policy developing economies trade equity Despite growing interest in the European Union’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), there remains a significant research gap in reviewing its nuanced impacts on the least developed economies—particularly in terms of sectoral vulnerabilities, institutional constraints, and the absence of empirical evidence from real-world implementation. Thus, we systematically investigate the CBAM implications for developing countries through a structured literature review. We offer a novel contribution by examining CBAM’s overlooked impacts on the smallest and least developed economies, highlighting distributional effects on labor-intensive sectors and small exporters. Starting with an initial pool of 1,197 articles sourced via Publish or Perish, we apply the PRISMA and PICO frameworks to screen and refine the selection, ultimately analyzing 37 peer-reviewed articles published between 2015 and 2024 in Q1–Q3 Scopus-indexed journals. Our review identifies five major thematic concerns: trade competitiveness, industrial vulnerability, green technology access, climate justice, and policy responses. It finds that CBAM poses significant economic risks for carbon-intensive exports from the Global South, particularly in sectors such as iron, fertilizer, cement, and aluminum. Countries like Indonesia, India, China, and Vietnam face varying degrees of exposure depending on emission intensity and trade composition. We highlight the absence of embedded climate justice mechanisms and structural barriers to green technology access, which may hinder just net-zero transitions. In response, scholars recommend policy mechanisms such as revenue redistribution, differentiated carbon accounting, and international capacity-building. We conclude by contrasting CBAM with protectionist measures such as those enacted during the Trump administration, emphasizing CBAM’s environmental rationale while calling for adaptive, equitable strategies that align global climate goals with sustainable development in vulnerable economies. Our study advances academic discourse by elucidating the varied ways in which CBAM is conceptualized and debated across different scholarly perspectives. It also offers practical recommendations for policymakers—including financial assistance, technology transfer, and institutional capacity building—to better align climate ambition with the principles of development equity. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2025-08-29 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/292 10.33116/ije.v8i2.292 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 162-176 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v8i2 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/292/94 Copyright (c) 2025 Danial Muhammad Wirdyansyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/296 2026-05-08T07:51:55Z IJE:ART

Monetizing Carbon Emissions: Advanced Strategies for Optimizing Carbon Economic Value Using Machine Learning and Geospatial Analysis Briantiko, Zenda O. Nurkarim, Wahidya Wahyuddin, Eko P. Zulkarnain, Muhammad carbon economic potential geospatial analysis machine learning clustering analysis poverty The transition to cleaner energy sources requires appropriate financial policies and regulations. One mechanism that supports this transition is carbon pricing, which encourages emissions reduction and creates economic opportunities through the carbon market. With its vast tropical forests, peatlands, and mangroves, Indonesia has significant potential for terrestrial carbon storage. However, using carbon revenue as a financial instrument to support the energy transition remains underexplored. Therefore, a quantitative analysis is needed to assess the potential carbon revenue under various pricing scenarios and its impact on clean energy investments and regional development. This study aims to (i) measure the potential economic value of carbon in East Java with greater precision and spatial detail using geospatial approaches and remote sensing technology, (ii) model predictions of carbon economic value for the forthcoming years by leveraging machine learning algorithms, aiming to obtain accurate, data-driven projections adaptable to land cover changes and policy shifts, and (iii) examine the relationship between carbon economic potential and social welfare such as poverty. The methods used in this research include remote sensing analysis to calculate Net Primary Productivity (NPP); machine learning techniques, such as LSTM and Neural Network, to forecast Carbon Economic Value (CEV) for future years; and clustering analysis to categorize regions based on socioeconomic conditions and CEV levels. From the results of this study, we found that the East Java government can utilize the economic value of carbon to reduce poverty from 9.79 percent to 5.75 percent. In addition, three regional clusters allow for the formulation more targeted policies for each regional group. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2026-02-27 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/296 10.33116/ije.v9i1.296 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 38-55 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v9i1 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/296/99 Copyright (c) 2026 Zenda O. Briantiko, Wahidya Nurkarim, Eko P. Wahyuddin, Muhammad Zulkarnain https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ije-pyc.org:article/297 2026-05-08T07:17:26Z IJE:ART

The Role of Carbon Pricing in Accelerating Energy Transition: A Case Study of Indonesia's Industrial Processes and Product Use (IPPU) Sector Alwaaritsy, Nurin Romadani, Arista carbon pricing emissions trading scheme energy transition industrial competitiveness renewable energy investment Carbon pricing serves as an effective economic instrument to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions while fostering investment in renewable energy by reducing dependence on fossil fuels. This study examines the development of carbon pricing policies to accelerate the energy transition, focusing on the Industrial Processes and Product Use (IPPU) sector. The proposed scheme is based on the Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS), tailored to local regulations and industrial capacities. This research employs a systematic review and content analysis of successfully implemented carbon pricing policies in various countries. While carbon pricing has been applied in the energy and forestry sectors, existing studies often lack specificity regarding emission thresholds or quantified carbon values across different emission sources. The IPPU sector, despite being a significant emitter, remains underrepresented in current policy design and academic literature. The findings indicate that carbon commercialisation supports renewable energy transition projects and increases investment in the electricity sector. This study proposes a carbon credit scheme tailored to the Indonesian wood industry (referred to as Industry X), which has begun integrating biomass and bioenergy to compensate for fossil-based emissions. The novelty of this study lies in its targeted focus on the IPPU sector and the practical application of a carbon pricing framework for industrial decarbonisation. The results suggest that integrating carbon pricing with fiscal incentives and energy regulations enhances industrial competitiveness in transitioning to clean energy. This study provides policy recommendations to improve carbon pricing mechanisms, supporting renewable energy investment and sustainable industrial transformation. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center 2025-08-29 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/297 10.33116/ije.v8i2.297 Indonesian Journal of Energy; Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Energy; 190-207 2549-760X 2549-1016 10.33116/ije.v8i2 eng https://ije-pyc.org/IJE/article/view/297/96 Copyright (c) 2025 Nurin Alwaaritsy, Arista Romadani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0